Editing Satire (section)

==Etymology and roots==
The word ''satire'' comes from the [[Latin language|Latin]] word ''satur'' and the subsequent phrase ''[[wikt:satura#Latin|lanx satura]].'' ''Satur'' meant "full", but the juxtaposition with ''lanx'' shifted the meaning to "miscellany or medley": the expression ''lanx satura'' literally means "a full dish of various kinds of fruits".<ref name="Kharpertian">{{cite book|first=Theodore D|last=Kharpertian|contribution=Thomas Pynchon and Postmodern American Satire|pages=25–7|editor-last=Kharpertian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=um0h0arlUdoC|title=A hand to turn the time: the Menippean satires of Thomas Pynchon|isbn = 9780838633618|year=1990|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press}}</ref> The use of the word ''lanx'' in this phrase, however, is disputed by B.L. Ullman.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Satura and Satire|date=1913 |doi=10.1086/359771 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/359771|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505095643/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/359771|archive-date=2021-05-05|url-status=live |last1=Ullman |first1=B. L. |journal=Classical Philology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=172–194 |s2cid=161191881 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The word ''satura'' as used by [[Quintilian]], however, was used to denote only Roman verse satire, a strict genre that imposed [[hexameter]] form, a narrower genre than what would be later intended as ''satire''.<ref name="Kharpertian"/><ref>{{Citation|title=Satyrica|last=Petronius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrNEns3_yd0C&pg=PR24%20XXI|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-21118-6 |language=en|translator-last=Kinney|translator-last2=Branham}}</ref> Quintilian famously said that ''satura,'' that is a satire in hexameter verses, was a literary genre of wholly Roman origin (''satura tota nostra est''). He was aware of and commented on Greek satire, but at the time did not label it as such, although today the origin of satire is considered to be [[Aristophanes' Old Comedy]]. The first critic to use the term ''satire'' in the modern broader sense was [[Apuleius]].<ref name="Kharpertian"/>

To Quintilian, the satire was a strict literary form, but the term soon escaped from the original narrow definition. Robert Elliott writes:
{{blockquote | As soon as a noun enters the domain of metaphor, as one modern scholar has pointed out, it clamours for extension; and satura (which had had no verbal, adverbial, or adjectival forms) was immediately broadened by appropriation from the Greek word for "satyr" (satyros) and its derivatives. The odd result is that the English "satire" comes from the Latin satura; but "satirize", "satiric", etc., are of Greek origin. By about the 4th century AD the writer of satires came to be known as satyricus; St. Jerome, for example, was called by one of his enemies 'a satirist in prose' ('satyricus scriptor in prosa'). Subsequent orthographic modifications obscured the Latin origin of the word satire: satura becomes satyra, and in England, by the 16th century, it was written 'satyre.'{{Sfn | Elliott | 2004}}}}

The word ''satire'' derives from ''satura'', and its origin was not influenced by the [[Greek mythology|Greek mythological]] figure of the ''[[satyr]]''.<ref>{{Citation|quote=The [[Renaissance]] confusion of the two origins encouraged a satire more aggressive than that of its Roman forebearers|first=BL|last=Ullman|title=Satura and Satire|journal=Classical Philology|volume=8|issue=2|pages=172–194|year=1913|jstor=262450|doi=10.1086/359771|s2cid=161191881}}</ref> In the 17th century, philologist [[Isaac Casaubon]] was the first to dispute the etymology of satire from satyr, contrary to the belief up to that time.<ref>{{Citation|title=Less Rightly Said: Scandals and Readers in Sixteenth-Century France|last=Szabari|first=Antonia|date=October 23, 2009 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-7354-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-QJLqEwvb0C&pg=PA2|language=en}}</ref>