Editing Scots language (section)

==Nomenclature==
Native speakers sometimes refer to their [[vernacular]] as {{lang|sco|braid Scots}} (or "broad Scots" in English)<ref name="SND Scots adj">{{cite web|url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/scots|title=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–): Scots, adj|publisher=Dsl.ac.uk|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref> or use a dialect name such as the "[[Doric dialect (Scotland)|Doric]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/sndns1238 |title=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–): Doric |publisher=Dsl.ac.uk |access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref> or the "{{lang|sco|Buchan Claik}}".<ref name="BuchanToulmin1998">{{cite book|last1=Buchan|first1=Peter|last2=Toulmin|first2=David|title=Buchan Claik: The Saut and the Glaur O't: a Compendium of Words and Phrases from the North-east of Scotland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdWyAAAACAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Gordon Wright|isbn=978-0-903065-94-8}}</ref> The old-fashioned ''[[Scotch (adjective)|Scotch]]'', an English loan,<ref>Aitken, A. J. ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language''. Oxford University Press, 1992 p. 892.</ref> occurs occasionally, especially in Ulster.<ref>{{cite book|last=Traynor|first=Michael|year=1953|title=The English dialect of Donegal|publisher=Royal Irish Academy|location=Dublin|page=244}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Nic Craith|first=M.|year=2002|title=Plural Identities—singular Narratives|publisher=Berghahn Books|page=107}}</ref> The term ''[[Lallans]]'', a variant of the [[Modern Scots]] word {{lang|sco|lawlands}} {{IPA|sco|ˈlo̜ːlən(d)z, ˈlɑːlənz|}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/lawland|title=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–): Lawland, adj|publisher=Dsl.ac.uk|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref> is also used, though this is more often taken to mean the Lallans [[Literary language|literary form]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethnologue – Scots |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sco |publisher=Ethnologue |access-date=9 September 2012}}</ref> Scots in Ireland is known in official circles as [[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster-Scots]] ({{lang|sco|Ulstèr-Scotch}} in revivalist Ulster-Scots) or "Ullans", a recent [[neologism]] merging Ulster and Lallans.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Maria Tymoczko |last1=Tymoczko |first1=M. |last2=Ireland |first2=C.A. |year=2003 |title=Language and Tradition in Ireland: Continuities and Displacements |publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Press]] |page=159 |isbn=1-55849-427-8}}</ref>

===Etymology===
''Scots'' is a contraction of {{lang|sco|Scottis}}, the [[Early Scots|Older Scots]]<ref name="SND Scots adj"/> and northern version of late {{langx|ang|Scottisc}} (modern English "Scottish"), which replaced the earlier [[Germanic umlaut#I-mutation in Old English|i-mutated]] version {{lang|sco|Scyttisc}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost30888|title=Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: DOST ::}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oed.com/|website=OED online|title=Scots, a. (n.)|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226130007/https://www.oed.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Before the end of the fifteenth century, English speech in Scotland was known as "English" (written {{lang|sco|Ynglis}} or {{lang|sco|Inglis}} at the time), whereas "Scottish" ({{lang|sco|Scottis}}) referred to [[Gaelic language|Gaelic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotslanguage.com/books/view/2/539/What%20is%20Scots|website=Scotslanguage|title=A Brief History of Scots}}</ref> By the beginning of the fifteenth century, the English language used in Scotland had arguably become a distinct language, albeit one lacking a name which clearly distinguished it from all the other English variants and dialects spoken in Britain. From 1495, the term {{lang|sco|Scottis}} was increasingly used to refer to the Lowland vernacular{{r|OxfordCompanion|page=894}} and {{lang|sco|Erse}}, meaning "Irish", was used as a name for Gaelic. For example, towards the end of the fifteenth century, [[William Dunbar]] was using {{lang|sco|Erse}} to refer to Gaelic and, in the early sixteenth century, [[Gavin Douglas]] was using {{lang|sco|Scottis}} as a name for the Lowland vernacular.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Stewart Kingdom of Scotland, 1371–1603|first=Caroline|last=Bingham|year=1974|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Companion to the Oxford English Dictionary|first=Tom|last=McArthur|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994}}</ref> The Gaelic of Scotland is now usually called [[Scottish Gaelic]].