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Selim III
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==Early life == Selim III was the son of Sultan [[Mustafa III]] and his wife [[Mihrişah Sultan (wife of Mustafa III)|Mihrişah Sultan]]. His mother, Mihrişah Sultan was an ethnic [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]]. After she became the [[Valide sultan]], she participated in reforming the government schools and establishing political corporations. His father, Ottoman Sultan [[Mustafa III]], was very well educated and believed in the necessity of reforms. Mustafa III attempted to create a powerful army with professional, well-educated soldiers during peacetime. This was primarily motivated by his fear of a Russian invasion. During the Russo-Turkish War, he fell ill and died of a heart attack in 1774. Sultan Mustafa was aware of the fact that a military reform was necessary. He declared new military regulations and opened maritime and artillery academies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Stanford J. |author-link=Stanford J. Shaw |title=Between Old and New: The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim III, 1789-1807 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1971}}</ref> Sultan Mustafa was significantly influenced by mysticism. An [[oracle]] predicted his son Selim would be a world conqueror, so he organized a seven-day joyous feast. Selim was very well educated in the palace. Sultan Mustafa III named his son his successor; however, Selim's uncle [[Abdul Hamid I]] ascended the throne after Mustafa's death. Sultan Abdul Hamid I took care of Selim and emphasized his education. After Abdul Hamid's death, Selim succeeded him on 7 April 1789, at the age of 27. Sultan Selim III was very fond of literature and [[calligraphy]]; many of his works were put on the walls of mosques and convents. He wrote many poems, especially about [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire|Crimea's occupation by Russia]]. He spoke [[Arabic Language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], Turkish and [[Old Bulgarian language|Old Bulgarian]] fluently. Selim III showed great importance to patriotism and religion. He demonstrated his poetry and music skills and was fond of fine arts and the army.
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