Editing Sentences (section)

==Background==
{{Scholasticism}}
[[Image:Petrus Lombardus Sententiarum.JPG|thumb|200px|An 1841 Latin edition of the ''Sentences'' bound together with Aquinas' ''{{Lang|la|[[Summa Theologica]]}}.'']]
The sentence genre emerged from works like [[Prosper of Aquitaine]]'s ''Sententia'', a collection of maxims by [[Augustine of Hippo]].<ref name=PR/>{{rp|17}} It was well-established by the time of [[Isidore of Seville]]'s ''Senteniae'', one of the first systematic treatments of Christian theology.<ref>Brehaut, Ernest. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Encyclopedist_of_the_Dark_Ages/igPYFkR2--UC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of Seville]''. Columbia University, 1912. 29–30.</ref> In the ''Sentences'', [[Peter Lombard]] collects [[gloss (annotation)|glosses]] from the [[Church Father]]s. Glosses were [[marginalia]] in religious and legal texts used to correct, explain, or interpret a text. Gradually, these annotations were compiled into separate works. The most notable precedent for Lombard's ''Sentences'' were the ''[[Glossa Ordinaria]]'', a 12th-century collection of glosses.<ref>van Geest, Paul. "Patrology/Patristics". ''Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online''. Brill, 2018.</ref>

Lombard went a step further by compiling them into one coherent whole.<ref>Bougerol, Jacques Guy. "The Church Fathers and the ''Sentences'' of Peter Lombard", in: [[Irena Backus]], ed., ''The Reception of the Church Fathers in the West – From the Carolingians to the Maurists, Vol. I''. Leiden, 1997. 113–164.</ref> There had been much earlier efforts in this vein, most notably in [[John of Damascus]]' ''The Source of Knowledge''. When John of Damascus' work was translated into Latin in 1150, Lombard had access to it.<ref name=PR/>{{rp|17}}

Lombard was not alone in his project. Many other contemporary theologians were compiling glossaries, such as [[Robert of Melun]]'s ''Sententiae'' and [[Hugh of Saint Victor]]'s ''De sacramentis christianae fidei''.<ref>Martin O.P., Raymond M. “Introduction,” in ''OEuvres de Robert de Melun'', vol. 3.1, ed. Raymond M. Martin, O.P., Spicilegium Sacrum Lovaniense 21 (Louvain: Spicilegium Sacrum Lovaniense, 1947), v-xxi, at xiv.</ref><ref name=JG>Ghellinck S.J., Joseph de. ''Le mouvement théologique du XIIe siècle. Sa préparation lointaine avant et autour de Pierre Lombard. Ses rapports avec les initiatives des canonistes. Études, recherches et documents'', 2d ed. Museum Lessianum, Section historique 10. Bruges: Éditions de Tempel; Brussels: L' Édition universelle; Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1948.</ref>{{rp|2, 6}} In 1134, Lombard went to Paris to study with Hugh, who was finishing his work at the time.<ref name=PR/>{{rp|27}} Their work was the signal development of 12th-century religious scholars: a [[systematic theology]] that treated the activity as a coherent practice.<ref name=MC>Colish, Marcia L. ''Peter Lombard'' (2 vols.). Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, Volume: 41. Leiden: Brill. 1993</ref>{{rp|34}} 

Lombard's twin hurdles were devising an order for his material and reconciling differences among sources. [[Peter Abelard]]'s ''{{Lang|la|[[Sic et Non]]}}'' employed a method for reconciling authorities that Lombard knew and used.<ref name=PR/>{{rp|66}} Abelard had also conceived of his work as a textbook.<ref>Abailard, Peter. ''[https://archive.org/details/sicetnoncritical0000abel/page/104/mode/1up?view=theater Sic et non: A Critical Edition]''. Edited by Blanche E. Boyer, Richard McKeon. [[University of Chicago Press]], 1977. Prologus, p. 103, l. 330–p. 104, l. 350.</ref> Lombard's previous work, ''[[Magna glossatura]]'', was an enormous success and quickly became a standard reference work.<ref>Hamel, Christopher de. ''Glossed Books of the Bible and the Origins of the Paris Booktrade''. Woodbridge, Suolk: Brewer, 1984. 9.</ref> Compiling the ''Magna glossatura'' prepared Lombard for the definitive synthesis of the ''Sentences''.<ref>Glunz, H.H. ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofvulgate0000hhgl/page/255/mode/1up?q=herbert History of the Vulgate in England from Alcuin to Roger Bacon]''. Cambridge University Press, 1933. 255.</ref>