Editing September 1 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1145]] &ndash; The main altar of [[Lund Cathedral]], at the time the seat of the [[archiepiscopal see]] of all the [[Nordic countries]], is consecrated.<ref name=rydbeck>{{cite book |editor1-last=Newman |editor1-first=Ernst |last=Rydbeck |first=Otto |date=1946 |title=Lunds domkyrkas historia 1145–1945 |trans-title=History of Lund Cathedral 1145–1945 |chapter=Lunds domkyrka, byggnadens och dess inventariers historia enligt de nyaste forskningsresultaten |trans-chapter=Lund Cathedral, the history of the building and its furnishings according to the latest research |url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/8073961 |language=sv |location=Stockholm |publisher=Svenska kyrkans diakonistyrelses bokförlag |pages=29–30}}</ref>
*[[1173]] &ndash; The widow [[Stamira]] sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of [[Ancona]] by the forces of Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]].<ref>Giuseppe Cannonieri, [https://archive.org/details/lassediodiancon00canngoog ''L'assedio di Ancona dell'anno 1174''], Tipografia Niccolai 1848, Firenze</ref><ref>Chiara Censi, ''Stamira''. L'eroina di Ancona tra storia e leggenda, Ancona, edizioni laboratorio culturale di Ancona, 2004</ref><ref>Paolo Grillo, ''Le guerre del Barbarossa'', Laterza, Bari, 2014</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095501/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/ancona.htm The History of the Siege of Ancona] by [[Boncompagno da Signa]]'' {{in lang|en}}</ref>
*[[1355]] &ndash; King [[Tvrtko I of Bosnia]] writes ''In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum'' from the [[Old town of Visoki]].
*[[1449]] &ndash; [[Tumu Crisis]]: The [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] capture the [[Emperor of China]].
*[[1529]] &ndash; The Spanish fort of [[Sancti Spiritu (Argentina)|Sancti Spiritu]], the first one built in modern [[Argentina]], is destroyed by indigenous people.
*[[1532]] &ndash; Lady [[Anne Boleyn]] is made [[Marquess of Pembroke]] by her [[Engagement|fiancé]], King [[Henry VIII of England]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1604]] &ndash; [[Adi Granth]], now known as [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the holy scripture of [[Sikh]]s, is first installed at [[Harmandir Sahib]].
*[[1610]] &ndash; [[Claudio Monteverdi]]'s musical work ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' (''[[Vespers]] for [[Mary, mother of Jesus|the Blessed Virgin]]'') is first published, printed in Venice and dedicated to [[Pope Paul V]].<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Wolf |editor-first=Uwe |title=Claudio Monteverdi: Vespro della Beata Vergine / Marienvesper / Vespers 1610 |url=https://www.carusmedia.com/images-intern/medien/20/2780100/2780100x.pdf |publisher=[[Carus-Verlag]] |location=[[Stuttgart]] |date=October 2013 |pages=xii}}</ref>
*[[1644]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tippermuir]]: [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose]] defeats the [[John Wemyss, 1st Earl of Wemyss|Earl of Wemyss]]'s [[Covenanter]]s, reviving the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] cause.
*[[1645]] &ndash; [[English Civil War]]. [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish]] [[Covenanter]] forces abandon their month-long [[Siege of Hereford]], a [[Cavalier]] stronghold, on news of Royalist victories in Scotland.<ref>Lipscombe, Nick. ''The English Civil War: An Atlas and Concise History of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1639–51''. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. p. 17</ref>
*[[1715]] &ndash; At the age of five, [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]] becomes king of France in succession to his great-grandfather, King Louis XIV.<ref>{{cite book |author=Katherine Crawford |title=Perilous Performances: Gender and Regency in Early Modern France |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZneBvHBEyOoC&pg=PA137 |year=2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02998-9 |page=137}}</ref>
*[[1763]] &ndash; [[Catherine II of Russia]] endorses [[Ivan Betskoy]]'s plans for a [[Foundling Home in Moscow]].
*[[1772]] &ndash; The [[Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa]] is founded in [[San Luis Obispo, California]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kathleen J. Edgar |author2=Susan E. Edgar |title=Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0C_RsC6AlcC&pg=PA24 |year=2000 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-5491-9 |pages=24}}</ref>
*[[1774]] &ndash; [[Province of Massachusetts Bay|Massachusetts Bay]] colonists rise up in the bloodless [[Powder Alarm]].
*[[1804]] &ndash; [[3 Juno]], one of the largest [[asteroid]]s in the [[Main Belt]], is discovered by the German astronomer [[Karl Ludwig Harding]].<ref>{{cite book |author=W. A. Bellenger |title=A Practical Treatise on the Globes: containing ... the names and situations of the constellations ... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPmuYKdcX4kC&pg=PA131 |year=1818 |publisher=Sherwood, Neely & Jones |page=131}}</ref>
*[[1831]] &ndash; The [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]] is established by [[Pope Gregory XVI]] of the [[Vatican State]] to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Philippe Levillain |title=The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDcmDeLuV4C&pg=PA1072 |year=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-92230-2 |pages=1072}}</ref>
*[[1836]] &ndash; [[Narcissa Whitman]], one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the [[Rocky Mountains]], arrives at [[Walla Walla, Washington]].
*[[1838]] &ndash; [[Saint Andrew's Scots School]], the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Chantilly]]: [[Confederate States of America|Confederate Army troop]]s defeat a group of retreating [[United States Army|Union Army troop]]s in [[Chantilly, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite book |title=United States Congressional Serial Set |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0JHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PT812 |year=1888 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=812}}</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: The [[Confederate Army]] General [[John Bell Hood]] orders the evacuation of [[Atlanta]], ending a four-month [[siege]] by General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]].
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: The [[Battle of Sedan]] is fought, resulting in a decisive [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] victory.
*[[1873]] &ndash; [[Cetshwayo]] ascends to the throne as king of the [[Zulu Kingdom|Zulu]] nation following the death of his father [[Mpande]].
*[[1878]] &ndash; [[Emma Nutt]] becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by [[Alexander Graham Bell]] to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
*[[1880]] &ndash; The army of [[Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)|Mohammad Ayub Khan]] is routed by the British at the [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|Battle of Kandahar]], ending the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]].
*[[1894]] &ndash; Over 400 people die in the [[Great Hinckley Fire]], a [[forest fire]] in [[Hinckley, Minnesota]].
*[[1897]] &ndash; The [[Tremont Street Subway]] in Boston opens, becoming the first underground [[rapid transit]] system in North America.

===1901–present===
*[[1923]] &ndash; The [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|Great Kantō earthquake]] devastates Tokyo and [[Yokohama]], killing about 105,000 people.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hasegawa |first=Kenji |date=June 15, 2022 |title=The 8 p.m. Battle Cry: The 1923 Earthquake and the Korean Sawagi in Central Tokyo |url=https://apjjf.org/2022/12/Hasegawa.html |access-date=July 8, 2023 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus |volume=20 |issue=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230831-it-hurts-my-heart-japan-s-kanto-massacre-100-years-on |title='It hurts my heart': Japan's Kanto massacre, 100 years on |date=31 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2021/10/25/un-remembering-the-massacre-how-japans-history-wars-are-challenging-research-integrity-domestically-and-abroad/ |title=Un-remembering the Massacre: How Japan's "History Wars" are Challenging Research Integrity Domestically and Abroad |date=25 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] and [[Slovak Republic (1939–45)|Slovakia]] [[Invasion of Poland|invade Poland]], beginning the European phase of World War II.
*  1939   &ndash; [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] and his student [[Hartland Snyder]] publish the [[Oppenheimer–Snyder model]], proving for the first time in contemporary physics how [[black hole]]s could develop.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bernstein |first=Jeremy |title=The Reluctant Father of Black Holes |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reluctant-father-of-black-holes-2007-04/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |journal=[[Scientific American]] |date=2007 |volume=17 |pages=4–11 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0407-4sp |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Launch of [[Operation Ratweek (1944)|Operation Ratweek]], complicating German retreat.<ref>{{cite book |title=Eastern Approaches |last=Maclean |first=Fitzroy |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-141-04284-8 |location=London |author-link=Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet}}</ref>
*[[1961]] &ndash; [[TWA Flight 529]] crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Midway International Airport|Midway Airport]] in Chicago, killing all 78 people on board. At the time, it was the deadliest single plane disaster in U.S. history.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,872723,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004222752/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,872723,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 4, 2009 |title=Four Minutes Out |date=September 8, 1961 |publisher=Time Magazine}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Six-Day War]]: The [[Khartoum Resolution]] is issued at the Arab Summit, and eight countries adopt the "three 'no's against Israel".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-khartoum-resolutions |title=The Khartoum Resolutions |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org |language=en |access-date=2018-10-29}}</ref>
*[[1969]] &ndash; A [[1969 Libyan coup d'état|coup]] in [[Libya]] brings [[Muammar Gaddafi]] to power.
*[[1973]] &ndash; A 76-hour multinational rescue effort in the [[Celtic Sea]] resulted in the [[Rescue of Roger Mallinson and Roger Chapman]].<ref name="NYT-19730902">{{cite news |last= |first= |author-link= |title=2 in Submarine Rescued As It Is Raised on 3d Day |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/02/archives/2-in-submarine-rescued-as-it-is-raised-on-3d-day-sub-is-raised-and.html |url-access=subscription |date=September 2, 1973 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=1 |access-date=September 9, 2021}}</ref>
*[[1974]] &ndash; The ''[[SR-71 Blackbird]]'' sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of one hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of {{convert|1435.587|mph|km/h}}.
*[[1981]] &ndash; Central African President [[David Dacko]] is ousted from power in a [[1981 Central African Republic coup d'état|bloodless military coup]] led by General [[André Kolingba]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Doeden |first=Matt |title=Central African Republic in Pictures (Visual Geography. Second Series) |publisher=Twenty First Century Books |year=2009 |isbn=9781575059525 |page=[https://archive.org/details/centralafricanre0000doed/page/30 30] |url=https://archive.org/details/centralafricanre0000doed/page/30}}</ref>
*[[1982]] &ndash; The United States [[Air Force Space Command]] is founded.<ref>{{cite book |author=Curtis Peebles |title=High Frontier: The U.S. Air Force and the Military Space Program |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMgdYypcPc8C&pg=PA72 |date=1997 |publisher=Diane Publishing |isbn=978-0-7881-4800-2 |pages=72}}</ref>
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] is shot down by a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] jet fighter after the commercial aircraft strayed into Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including [[United States Congress|Congressman]] [[Larry McDonald|Lawrence McDonald]].
*[[1985]] &ndash; The wreck of the [[Titanic]] is discovered by an American-French expedition led by [[Robert Ballard]] and Jean-Louis Michel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-07-18 |title=R.M.S. Titanic - History and Significance |url=https://www.noaa.gov/office-of-general-counsel/gc-international-section/rms-titanic-history-and-significance#:~:text=The%20wreck%20of%20Titanic%20was,of%20the%20Sea%20(IFREMER)%20.}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; The [[Beslan school siege]] begins when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in [[North Ossetia]], Russia; by the end of the siege, three days later, more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Iraq War]]: The [[United States Armed Forces]] transfers control of [[Al Anbar Governorate|Anbar Province]] to the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-07 |title=George W. Bush – Key Events &#124; Miller Center |url=https://millercenter.org/president/george-w-bush/key-events |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=millercenter.org |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; Physicians at [[AdventHealth#Brain-eating amoebas|AdventHealth Central Florida Division]] developed a new five hour test for brain-eating [[amoeba]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2022/09/01/new-test-can-detect-brain-eating-amoeba-quicker-adventhealth-says/ |title=New test can detect brain-eating amoeba quicker, AdventHealth says |last=Zizo |first=Christie |date=2022-09-01 |website=[[ClickOrlando]] |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref>