Editing September 10 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[506]] &ndash; The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the [[Council of Agde]].
*[[1089]] &ndash; The [[Synod of Melfi (1089)|first synod]] of [[pope Urban II]] starts in [[Melfi]], with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decrees about church law and deals with the relation with the Greek part of the Church.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moosa |first1=Matti |title=The Crusades: Conflict Between Christendom and Islam |date=2008 |publisher=Gorgias Press |isbn=978-1-59333-366-9 |page=111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pp2rGwAACAAJ |access-date=10 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Theotokis |first1=Georgios |title=Bohemond of Taranto: Crusader and Conqueror |date=15 March 2021 |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |isbn=978-1-5267-4429-6 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhIZEAAAQBAJ |access-date=10 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1419]] &ndash; John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy [[Assassination of John the Fearless|is assassinated]] by adherents of the Dauphin, the future [[Charles VII of France]].
*[[1509]] &ndash; An earthquake known as "[[1509 Constantinople earthquake|The Lesser Judgment Day]]" hits Constantinople.
*[[1515]] &ndash; [[Thomas Wolsey]] is invested as a Cardinal.
*[[1547]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Pinkie]], the last full-scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.
*[[1561]] &ndash; [[Battles of Kawanakajima|Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima]]: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
*[[1570]] &ndash; Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived [[Ajacán Mission]].
*[[1573]] &ndash; German pirate [[Klein Henszlein]] and 33 of his crew are [[Decapitation|beheaded]] in [[Hamburg]].<ref>Bottling, Douglas.''The Pirates''. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books Inc., 1978.  Niehaus, Alisha. ''Piratepedia''.  New York: Dorling Kindersley Ltd., 200</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1607]] &ndash; [[Edward Maria Wingfield]] is ousted as first president of the governing council of the [[Colony of Virginia]]; he is replaced by [[John Ratcliffe (governor)|John Ratcliffe]].
*[[1608]] &ndash; [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]] is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia.
*[[1622]] &ndash; Fifty-five Christians are executed in [[Nagasaki]] during the [[Great Genna Martyrdom]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roldán-Figueroa |first=Rady |url=https://brill.com/view/title/58436 |title=The Martyrs of Japan: Publication History and Catholic Missions in the Spanish World (Spain, New Spain, and the Philippines, 1597–1700) |date=2021 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-45806-2 |pages=13–34 [32] |chapter=Background: Catholic Missions in Japan |doi=10.1163/9789004458062}}</ref>
*[[1640]] &ndash; [[Reapers' War]]: [[Junta de Braços]] (Assembly of [[Estates of the realm|Estates]]) of the [[Principality of Catalonia]] summoned. It assumes the sovereignty and enacts a series of revolutionary mesures which will lead to the [[Catalan Republic (1640–1641)|Catalan Republic]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simon Tarrés |first1=Antoni |title=1640 |date=2019 |publisher=Rafael Dalmau, Editor |location=Barcelona |isbn=978-84-232-0851-7 |page=317}}</ref>
*[[1724]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] leads the first performance of [[Jesu, der du meine Seele, BWV 78|''Jesu, der du meine Seele'', BWV 78]], a [[Chorale cantata cycle|chorale cantata]] based on a passion hymn by [[Johann Rist]].<ref>{{cite web
  | url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000097?lang=en
  | title = Jesu, der du meine Seele BWV 78; BC A 130
  | website = [[Bach Digital]]
  | date = 2024
  | ref = {{sfnref|Bach Digital|2024}}
  }}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Nathan Hale]] volunteers to spy for the Continental Army.
*[[1798]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of St. George's Caye]], British Honduras defeats Spain.
*[[1813]] &ndash; The United States defeats a British Fleet at the [[Battle of Lake Erie]] during the War of 1812.
*[[1846]] &ndash; [[Elias Howe]] is granted a patent for the sewing machine.
*[[1858]] &ndash; [[George Mary Searle]] discovers the asteroid [[55 Pandora]].
*[[1897]] &ndash; [[Lattimer massacre]]: A [[Posse comitatus (common law)|sheriff's posse]] kills 19 unarmed striking immigrant miners in Lattimer, Pennsylvania, United States.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] is assassinated by [[Luigi Lucheni]].

===1901–present===
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[Russian Civil War]]: The Red Army [[Kazan Operation|captures Kazan]].
*[[1919]] &ndash; The [[Republic of German-Austria]] signs the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], ceding significant territories to Italy, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia.
*[[1932]] &ndash; The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally-owned ''[[Independent Subway System|IND]]'', is opened.
*[[1936]] &ndash; First World Individual [[Motorcycle Speedway]] Championship, Held at London's (England) [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]]
*[[1937]] &ndash; Nine nations attend the [[Nyon Conference]] to address international piracy in the Mediterranean Sea.
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The submarine {{HMS|Oxley}} is mistakenly sunk by the submarine {{HMS|Triton|N15|6}} near Norway and becomes the [[Royal Navy]]'s first loss of a submarine in the war.
*  1939   &ndash; World War II: The [[Canadian declaration of war on Germany]] receives royal assent.
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: The British Army carries out an amphibious landing on Madagascar to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the [[Battle of Madagascar|Madagascar Campaign]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: In the course of [[Operation Achse]], German troops begin their occupation of Rome.
*[[1960]] &ndash; At the Summer Olympics in Rome, [[Abebe Bikila]] becomes the first sub-Saharan African to win a gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet.
*[[1961]] &ndash; In the [[1961 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]], a crash causes the death of German Formula One driver [[Wolfgang von Trips]] and 15 spectators who are hit by his Ferrari, the deadliest accident in F1 history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorsportmemorial.org/focus.php?db=ct&n=612|title=Motorsport Memorial<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; The people of Gibraltar [[1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum|vote]] to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain.
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Guinea-Bissau]] gains independence from Portugal.
*[[1976]] &ndash; A British Airways Hawker Siddeley Trident and an Inex-Adria DC-9 [[1976 Zagreb mid-air collision|collide]] near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 176.
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Hamida Djandoubi]], convicted of torture and murder, is the last person to be executed by guillotine in France.
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Operation Barras]] successfully frees six British soldiers held captive for over two weeks and contributes to the end of the Sierra Leone Civil War.
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Antônio da Costa Santos]], mayor of Campinas, Brazil is assassinated.
*  2001   &ndash; During his appearance on the British TV [[game show]] ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?|Who Wants to be a Millionaire?]]'', contestant [[Charles Ingram]] reaches the £1 million top prize, but it was later revealed that he had cheated to the top prize by listening to coughs from his wife and another contestant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Harrison, Angus|date=9 September 2016|title=That Time a Guy Won 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?' by Cheating Terribly|language=en-us|work=[[Vice (magazine)|VICE]]|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/15-years-of-the-coughing-major-who-wants-to-be-a-millionare/|access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|title=Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Major Fraud|people=[[Martin Bashir]]|publisher=ITV|year=2003|location=London, England|medium=Television}}</ref>
*[[2002]] &ndash; Switzerland, traditionally a neutral country, [[Foreign relations of Switzerland|becomes a full member of the United Nations]].
*[[2007]] &ndash; Former Prime Minister of Pakistan [[Nawaz Sharif]] returns to Pakistan after seven years in exile, following a military coup in October 1999.
*[[2008]] &ndash; The [[Large Hadron Collider]] at [[European Organization for Nuclear Research|CERN]], described as the biggest scientific experiment in history, is powered up in Geneva, Switzerland.
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Irma]] makes landfall on [[Cudjoe Key, Florida]] as a Category 4, after causing catastrophic damage throughout the Caribbean. Irma resulted in 134 deaths and $77.2&nbsp;billion (2017 USD) in damage.
*[[2022]] &ndash; [[Death of Queen Elizabeth II]]: King [[Charles III]] is formally proclaimed as monarch at a meeting of the [[Accession Council]] in [[St James's Palace]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/10/charles-formally-proclaimed-king-by-privy-council |title=Charles formally proclaimed King by privy council |work=The Guardian |date=10 September 2022}}</ref>