Editing September 16 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[681]] &ndash; [[Pope Honorius I]] is posthumously [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] by the [[Third Council of Constantinople|Sixth Ecumenical Council]].
*[[1400]] &ndash; [[Owain Glyndŵr]] is declared [[Prince of Wales]] by his followers.

===1601–1900===
*[[1620]] &ndash; [[Pilgrim Fathers|Pilgrims]] set sail for Virginia from Plymouth, England in the ''[[Mayflower]]''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=238|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
*[[1701]] &ndash; [[James Francis Edward Stuart]], sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite claimant]] to the thrones of England and Scotland.
*[[1732]] &ndash; In [[Campo Maior, Portugal]], a storm hits the Armory and a violent explosion ensues, killing two-thirds of its inhabitants.
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The [[Battle of Harlem Heights]] is fought.
*[[1779]] &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American [[Siege of Savannah]] begins.
*[[1810]] &ndash; With the ''[[Grito de Dolores]],'' Father [[Miguel Hidalgo]] begins [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexico's fight for independence from Spain]].
*[[1822]] &ndash; French physicist [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel]], in a "note" read to the [[French Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences]],<!-- signed 8 September, read 16 September --> reports a direct refraction experiment verifying [[David Brewster]]'s hypothesis that [[photoelasticity]] (as it is now known) is stress-induced [[birefringence]].<ref name=fresnel-1822s>A. Fresnel, "Note sur la double réfraction du verre comprimé" (read 16&nbsp;September 1822), ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', Ser.&nbsp;2, vol.&nbsp;20, pp.&nbsp;376–83 (nominally for August 1822); reprinted in H.&nbsp;de Senarmont, E.&nbsp;Verdet, and L.&nbsp;Fresnel (eds.), ''Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel'', vol.&nbsp;1 (1866), [https://books.google.com/books?id=1l0_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA713 pp.&nbsp;713–18]; translated as "Note on the double refraction of compressed glass", {{Zenodo|4706834}}, 2021 (open&nbsp;access).</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[Robert College]], in [[Istanbul]], the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by [[Christopher Robert]], an American philanthropist.
*[[1880]] &ndash; ''[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]'' prints its first issue in [[Ithaca, New York]]. 
*[[1893]] &ndash; Settlers make a [[Land Run of 1893|land run]] for prime land in the [[Cherokee Outlet|Cherokee Strip]] in [[Oklahoma]].

===1901–present===
*[[1908]] &ndash; The [[General Motors Corporation]] is founded.
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The [[Siege of Przemyśl]] (present-day Poland) begins.
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[Wall Street bombing]]: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City killing 38 and injuring 400.
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Italian troops [[Italian invasion of Egypt|conquer Sidi Barrani]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: The [[10th Army (Wehrmacht)|German Tenth Army]] reports that it can no longer contain the [[Operation Avalanche|Allied bridgehead around Salerno]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]] comes to an end.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[American Airlines Flight 723]] crashes in [[Colonie, New York]], killing 28 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Convair CV-240-0 N94255 Albany Airport, NY (ALB) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19530916-0 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; The military coup to unseat President [[Juan Perón]] of Argentina is launched at midnight.
*  1955   &ndash; A Soviet [[Zulu-class submarine]] becomes the first to launch a [[R-11 Zemlya|ballistic missile]]. 
*[[1956]] &ndash; [[TCN|TCN-9 Sydney]] is the first Australian television station to commence regular broadcasts.
*[[1959]] &ndash; The first successful photocopier, the [[Xerox 914]], is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
*[[1961]] &ndash; The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of [[Hurricane Esther]]. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to [[Project Stormfury]].
*  1961   &ndash; [[Typhoon Nancy (1961)|Typhoon Nancy]], with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, makes landfall in [[Osaka]], Japan, killing 173 people.
*  1961   &ndash; Pakistan establishes its [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission]] with [[Abdus Salam]] as its head.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Malaysia]] is formed from the [[Federation of Malaya]], [[Crown Colony of Singapore|Singapore]], [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] ([[Sabah]]) and [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]]. However, Singapore is soon expelled from this new country.
*[[1966]] &ndash; The [[Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)|Metropolitan Opera House]] opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera ''[[Antony and Cleopatra (1966 opera)|Antony and Cleopatra]]''.
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] of [[Jordan]] declares war against the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], the conflict came to be known as [[Black September]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Papua New Guinea]] gains independence from Australia.
*  1975   &ndash; [[Cape Verde]], [[Mozambique]], and [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] join the United Nations.
*  1975   &ndash; The first prototype of the [[Mikoyan MiG-31]] interceptor makes its maiden flight.
*[[1976]] &ndash; Armenian champion swimmer [[Shavarsh Karapetyan]] saves 20 people from a trolleybus that had fallen into a [[Yerevan]] reservoir.
*[[1978]] &ndash; The 7.4 {{M|w}} [[1978 Tabas earthquake|Tabas earthquake]] affects the city of [[Tabas]], Iran with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''). At least 15,000 people are killed.
*[[1979]] &ndash; Eight people [[East German balloon escape|escape from East Germany]] to the west in a homemade hot air balloon.
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[1982 Lebanon War|Lebanon War]]: The [[Sabra and Shatila massacre]] in Lebanon takes place.
*[[1987]] &ndash; The [[Montreal Protocol]] is signed to protect the ozone layer from [[Ozone depletion|depletion]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; The railroad between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan is completed at [[Dostyk]], adding a sizable link to the concept of the [[Eurasian Land Bridge]].
*[[1992]] &ndash; The trial of the deposed Panamanian dictator [[Manuel Noriega]] ends in the United States with a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking and money laundering.
*  1992   &ndash; [[Black Wednesday]]: The British pound is forced out of the [[European Exchange Rate Mechanism]] by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the German mark.
*[[1994]] &ndash; The British government lifts the [[1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions|broadcasting ban]] imposed against members of Sinn Féin and Irish paramilitary groups in 1988.
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] is launched on [[STS-79]] to dock to the Russian space station ''[[Mir]]''.<ref name="STS-79(79)">{{cite web |title=STS-79 (79) |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-79/mission-sts-79.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518135705/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-79/mission-sts-79.html |archive-date=May 18, 2007 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Ivan]] makes landfall in Gulf Shores, Alabama as a [[Category 3 hurricane]].
*[[2005]] &ndash; The [[Camorra]] organized crime boss [[Paolo Di Lauro]] is arrested in Naples, Italy.
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[One-Two-Go Airlines Flight 269]] carrying 130 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand, killing 90 people.
*  2007   &ndash; Security guards working for Blackwater Worldwide [[Nisour Square massacre|shoot and kill]] 17 Iraqis in Nisour Square, Baghdad.
*[[2013]] &ndash; A gunman [[Washington Navy Yard shooting|kills twelve people]] at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Starr|first1=Barbara|last2=Shoichet|first2=Catherine E.|last3=Brown|first3=Pamela|title=12 victims slain in Navy Yard shooting rampage; dead suspect ID'd|work=CNN|date=September 16, 2013|accessdate=September 16, 2023|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/16/us/dc-navy-yard-gunshots/index.html}}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant launches its [[Siege of Kobanî|Kobani offensive]] against Syrian–Kurdish forces.
*[[2015]] &ndash; A 8.3 {{M|w}} [[2015 Illapel earthquake|earthquake]] strikes the Chilean city of [[Illapel]], killing 15 people, injuring at least 34, leaving at least six missing, and causing extensive damage. One person also dies in Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M 8.3 – 48 km W of Illapel, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20003k7a/executive|access-date=September 10, 2022|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; Five months before the [[2020 stock market crash|COVID-19 stock market crash]], an overnight spike in lending rates in the United States prompts the [[Federal Reserve]] to conduct operations in the [[repo market]].
*[[2021]] &ndash; A 6.0 {{M|w}} [[2021 Luxian earthquake|earthquake strikes Lu County]], Sichuan, China, killing three and injuring more than 88.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 16, 2021|title=Earthquake shakes China's Sichuan province, killing 3 and injuring 88 |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3148919/earthquake-shakes-chinas-sichuan-province-killing-2-and|access-date=September 19, 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; During the [[Let Yet Kone massacre]], the [[Tatmadaw|Burmese military]] kills 13 villagers, including eight children, after attacking a school in [[Sagaing Region]], [[Myanmar]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2022 |title=The Tabayin School Attack |url=https://www.myanmarwitness.org/reports/the-tabayin-school-attack |access-date=March 2, 2023 |website=Myanmar Witness |language=en}}</ref>
*  2022   &ndash; The [[death of Mahsa Amini]] occurred, which sparked worldwide [[Mahsa Amini protests|protests]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-16 |title=Fury in Iran as young woman dies following morality police arrest |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-62930425 |access-date=2022-12-11}}</ref>