Editing September 19 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 96|96]] &ndash; [[Nerva]], suspected of complicity of the death of [[Domitian]], is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=222|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
* [[634]] &ndash; [[Siege of Damascus (634)|Siege of Damascus]]: The Rashidun Arabs under [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] capture Damascus from the Byzantine Empire.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pierkins|first=Russell S.|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=Jeffrey M.|title=War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict|volume=1|chapter=Damascus, Arab Conquest of (634 CE)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDlFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA227|editor-last2=Demy|editor-first2=Timothy J.|pages=227–228|date=2017|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-517-6|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1356]] &ndash; [[Battle of Poitiers]]: An English army under the command of [[Edward the Black Prince]] defeats a French army and captures King John II.<ref>{{cite book | last = Patourel | first = John | title = Feudal empires : Norman and Plantagenet | publisher = Hambledon Press | location = London | year = 1984 | isbn = 9780907628224 | page=70}}</ref>
*[[1410]] &ndash; End of the [[Siege of Marienburg (1410)|Siege of Marienburg]]: The [[State of the Teutonic Order]] repulses the joint [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]]—[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuanian]] forces.<ref>{{citation | first=William |last=Urban |authorlink=William Urban |title=Tannenberg and After: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality |publisher=Lithuanian Research and Studies Center |location=Chicago | year=2003 |edition = Revised | isbn=0-929700-25-2}}</ref><ref>{{citation | first=Stephen |last=Turnbull |authorlink=Stephen Turnbull (historian) |title=Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights |year=2003 |location=London |publisher=Osprey |series=Campaign Series |volume=122 |isbn=978-1-84176-561-7}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1676]] &ndash; Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon during [[Bacon's Rebellion]]. 
*[[1777]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the [[First Battle of Saratoga]].
*[[1778]] &ndash; The [[Continental Congress]] passes the first [[United States federal budget]].
*[[1796]] &ndash; [[George Washington's Farewell Address]] is printed across America as an open letter to the public.
*[[1799]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the [[Battle of Bergen (1799)|Battle of Bergen]].
*[[1846]] &ndash; Two French shepherd children, Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud, experience a [[Marian apparition]] on a mountaintop near La Salette, France, now known as [[Our Lady of La Salette]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John WYSE|title=Manual of the confraternity of La Salette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KhdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA59|year=1855|pages=59}}</ref>
*[[1852]] &ndash; [[Annibale de Gasparis]] discovers the asteroid [[20 Massalia|Massalia]] from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Journal of Education for Lower Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57QwiIAz6nQC&pg=PA25|year=1861|publisher=Department of Education|pages=25}}</ref>
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: Union troops under William Rosecrans [[Battle of Iuka|defeat]] a Confederate force commanded by Sterling Price.<ref>{{cite book|author=Francis Samuel Drake|title=Dictionary of American Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFpKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA375|year=1874|publisher=J.R. Osgood and Company|pages=375|isbn=9780608426914 }}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; American Civil War: The first day of the [[Battle of Chickamauga]], in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: Union troops under Philip Sheridan [[Third Battle of Winchester|defeat]] a Confederate force commanded by [[Jubal Early]]. With over 50,000 troops engaged, it was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.
*[[1868]] &ndash; [[Glorious Revolution (Spain)|La Gloriosa]] begins in Spain.
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: The [[Siege of Paris (1870–71)|siege of Paris]] begins. The city held out for over four months before surrendering.
*[[1893]] &ndash; In New Zealand, the [[Women's suffrage in New Zealand|Electoral Act of 1893]] is consented to by the governor, giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote.

===1901–present===
*[[1902]] &ndash; A [[Shiloh Baptist Church stampede|stampede at Shiloh Baptist Church]] in Birmingham, Alabama, leads to the death of 115 attendees.<ref>{{citation|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2249&dat=19020920&id=wYU-AAAAIBAJ&pg=6271,2347342|publisher=Boston Evening Transcript|title=Hundred Fifteen Killed|date=September 20, 1902|accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: During the East African Campaign, colonial forces of the Belgian Congo (Force Publique) under the command of Charles Tombeur [[Battle of Tabora|capture the town of Tabora]] after heavy fighting.
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Kępa Oksywska]] concludes, with Polish losses reaching roughly 14% of all the forces engaged.
*[[1940]] &ndash; World War II: [[Witold Pilecki]] is voluntarily captured and sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] to gather and smuggle out information for the resistance movement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet The Man Who Sneaked Into Auschwitz |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129956107 |website=NPR |access-date=17 September 2020 |language=en |date=18 September 2010 |quote=Pilecki was eventually cleared to insert himself into a street round-up of Poles in Warsaw on Sept. 19, 1940. Upon arrival, he learned Auschwitz was far from anything the Resistance had imagined.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Ackerman |first1=Elliot |title=The Remarkable Story of the Man Who Volunteered to Enter Auschwitz and Try to Tell the World About It |url=https://time.com/5635746/the-remarkable-story-of-the-man-who-volunteered-to-enter-auschwitz-and-tell-the-world-about-it/ |magazine=Time |access-date=17 September 2020 |date=26 July 2019 |quote=Witold Pilecki, a Polish cavalry officer turned resistance fighter, undertook the most audacious of missions: to get himself arrested by the Germans and sent to the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz. On September 19, 1940, he went out during a Warsaw street round up and was arrested. He was also successful in the mission that followed: to sabotage the camp and smuggle news to the world through Polish resistance networks of the atrocities occurring within. Only the world wasn't ready to listen.}}</ref>
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Battle of Hürtgen Forest]] begins. It will become the second-longest individual battle that the U.S. Army has ever fought.<ref>{{cite book|last=Regan|first=Geoffrey|title=The Guinness Book of More Military Blunders|location=Enfield, UK|publisher=Guiness Books|date=1993|isbn=9780851127286|page=178}}</ref>
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: The [[Moscow Armistice]] between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed, which officially ended the [[Continuation War]].<ref>{{cite book| author= Silvo Hietanen | title=Kansakunta sodassa, 3. osa Kuilun yli | page=106 | publisher= Valtion painatuskeskus, Opetusministeriö | location= Helsinki | year= 1992 | isbn= 951-861-384-2 | language = fi}}</ref> 
*[[1946]] &ndash; The [[Council of Europe]] is founded following a speech by [[Winston Churchill]] at the University of Zurich.
*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Korean War]]: An attack by [[Korean People's Army|North Korean forces]] was repelled at the [[Battle of Nam River]].<ref>{{citation|last1=Bowers |first1=William T. |first2=William M.|last2=Hammong|first3=George L.|last3=MacGarrigle |title=Black Soldier, White Army: The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea |year=2005 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |isbn=978-1-4102-2467-5 |pages=179&ndash;180}}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and Pakistani President [[Ayub Khan]] sign the [[Indus Waters Treaty]] for the control and management of the [[Indus]], [[Chenab]], [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]], [[Ravi River|Ravi]], [[Sutlej]] and [[Beas River|Beas]] rivers.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20240819-indus-waters-treaty-bridging-the-divide-2579669-2024-08-09|title=Indus Waters Treaty – Bridging the divide|last=Mohammad|first=Moazum|date=9 August 2024|magazine=India Today|issue=34|volume=49|pages=18–19|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Michael Eavis]] hosts the first Glastonbury Festival.  
*  1970   &ndash; [[Kostas Georgakis]], a Greek student of geology, sets himself ablaze in Matteotti Square in Genoa, Italy, as a protest against the dictatorial regime of [[Georgios Papadopoulos]].
*[[1976]] &ndash; [[Turkish Airlines Flight 452]] hits the Taurus Mountains, outskirt of Karatepe, Turkey, killing all 154 passengers and crew.
*  1976   &ndash; Two Imperial Iranian Air Force F-4 Phantom II jets fly out to [[1976 Tehran UFO incident|investigate an unidentified flying object]].
*[[1978]] &ndash; The [[Solomon Islands]] join the United Nations.
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Scott Fahlman]] posts the first documented emoticons :-) and :-( on the Carnegie Mellon University bulletin board system.
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] gains its independence.<ref>{{cite book |title=Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States in Force on .. |date=2006 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=277 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KunY5Mu_zhMC&pg=PA277 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[1985 Mexico City earthquake|A strong earthquake]] kills thousands and destroys about 400 buildings in Mexico City.
*  1985   &ndash; [[Tipper Gore]] and other political wives form the [[Parents Music Resource Center]] as [[Frank Zappa]], [[John Denver]], and other musicians testify at U.S. Congressional hearings on obscenity in rock music.
*[[1989]] &ndash; A bomb destroys [[UTA Flight 772]] in mid-air above the Tùnùrù Desert, Niger, killing all 170 passengers and crew.
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Ötzi|Ötzi the Iceman]] is discovered in the Alps on the border between Italy and Austria.
*[[1995]] &ndash; ''The Washington Post'' and ''The New York Times'' publish the ''[[Industrial Society and Its Future|Unabomber Manifesto]]''.
*[[1997]] &ndash; The [[Guelb El-Kebir massacre]] in Algeria kills 53 people.
*[[2006]] &ndash; The Thai army [[2006 Thai coup d'état|stages a coup]]. The Constitution is revoked and martial law is declared.
*[[2008]] &ndash; A [[Learjet 60]] carrying musicians [[Travis Barker]] and [[DJ AM|Adam "DJ AM" Goldstein]] [[2008 South Carolina Learjet 60 crash|crashes]] during a [[rejected takeoff]] from [[Columbia Metropolitan Airport|Colombia Metropolitan Airport]] in [[West Columbia, South Carolina]], killing four of the six people on board. Barker and Goldstein both survive.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news |last1=Boucher |first1=Geoff |last2=Oldham |first2=Jennifer |date=2008-09-20 |title=Former Blink-182 drummer, popular DJ survive plane crash that killed 4 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-me-learcrash21-2008sep21,0,6334171.story |url-status=live |access-date=2008-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921062055/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-me-learcrash21-2008sep21%2C0%2C6334171.story |archive-date=21 September 2008}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; The leaking oil well in the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|''Deepwater Horizon'' oil spill]] is sealed.
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Mariano Rivera]] of the New York Yankees surpasses [[Trevor Hoffman]] to become Major League Baseball's all-time career saves leader with 602.
*[[2016]] &ndash; In the wake of a manhunt, the suspect in [[2016 New York and New Jersey bombings|a series of bombings in New York and New Jersey]] is apprehended after a shootout with police.
*[[2017]] &ndash; The [[2017 Puebla earthquake]] strikes Mexico, causing 370 deaths and over 6,000 injuries, as well as extensive damage.
*[[2019]] &ndash; A drone strike by the United States kills 30 civilian farmers in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{citation|website=Common Dreams|date=September 20, 2019|access-date=September 20, 2019|title='How Could They Do This to Us?' Ask Afghan Farmers After Reporting Reveals Officials Knew Civilians Were in Area of Lethal US Drone Strike|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/09/20/how-could-they-do-us-ask-afghan-farmers-after-reporting-reveals-officials-knew|author=Eoin Higgins}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; The [[Cumbre Vieja]] volcano, on the island of [[La Palma]] in the [[Canary Islands]], [[2021 Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption|erupts]]. The eruption lasts for almost three months, ending on December 13.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Suarez|first=Borja|date=2021-09-20|title=Lava pours out of volcano on La Palma in Spain's Canary Islands|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/people-evacuated-spanish-island-la-palma-after-volcano-eruption-warning-2021-09-19/|access-date=2021-12-14}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; The [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|state funeral]] of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] of the [[United Kingdom]] is held at [[Westminster Abbey]], [[London]].<ref>{{citation |date=19 September 2022 |title=Family say final goodbye as Queen buried next to Philip |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-62892350 |access-date=19 September 2022 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-gb}}; {{Cite news |date=19 September 2022 |title=Your complete guide to the Queen's funeral |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60617519 |access-date=19 September 2022}}; {{citation |date=2022-09-19 |title=The State Funeral for Her Majesty The Queen |url=https://www.royal.uk/state-funeral-her-majesty-queen-0 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=royal.uk|language=en}}; {{citation |publisher=[[British Royal Family|The Royal Family]]|title=State Funeral for Her Majesty The Queen |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN2vT_jpW1o |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en |access-date=2022-09-19}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; [[Azerbaijan]] launches a [[2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh|military offensive]] against the [[Republic of Artsakh]] in the [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] region; this leads to the [[Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians|flight of the Armenian population]].<ref>{{cite web|date=19 September 2023|title=Azerbaijan launches attack in Nagorno-Karabakh, announces 'evacuation' of Armenian population|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/azerbaijan-launch-anti-terror-operation-nagorno-karabakh-armenia/|access-date=19 September 2023|work=Politico|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919100027/https://www.politico.eu/article/azerbaijan-launch-anti-terror-operation-nagorno-karabakh-armenia/|url-status=live}}</ref>