Editing September 2 (section)

==Events==

===Pre-1600===
*[[44 BC]] &ndash; [[Pharaoh]] [[Cleopatra VII]] of [[Egypt]] declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV [[Caesarion]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Arienne|date=10 July 2018|title=Caesarion|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/caesarion/|access-date=2021-03-21|website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref>
*  44 BC   &ndash; [[Cicero]] launches the first of his ''[[Philippicae]]'' (oratorical attacks) on [[Mark Antony]]. He will make 14 of them over the following months.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Marcus Tullius Cicero|author2=Quintus Tullius Cicéron|author3=Cicero|title=On Obligations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvV8Pt4fZPAC&pg=PR9|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-924018-0|page=9}}</ref>
*[[31 BC]] &ndash; [[Final War of the Roman Republic]]: [[Battle of Actium]]: Off the western coast of Greece, forces of [[Augustus|Octavian]] defeat troops under [[Mark Antony]] and [[Cleopatra]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Faith and Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raMcAAAAMAAJ|year=1934|publisher=Victoria Institute|page=182}}</ref>
*[[1192]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Jaffa (1192)|Treaty of Jaffa]] is signed between [[Richard I of England]] and [[Saladin]], leading to the end of the [[Third Crusade]].<ref>{{cite book|author=George Archibald Campbell|title=The Crusades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NT9NAQAAMAAJ|year=1938|publisher=R. M. McBride|page=327}}</ref>
*[[1561]] &ndash; [[Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh]], a spectacular civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, marred by religious controversy.<ref>Alan R. MacDonald, 'The Triumph of Protestantism: the burgh council of Edinburgh and the entry of Mary Queen of Scots', ''Innes Review'', 48:1 (Spring 1997), pp. 73–82.</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1601]] &ndash; [[4th Spanish Armada]] makes landfall in Ireland at [[Kinsale]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Glasgow | first=Tom |publisher= Military History Society of Ireland |title= The Elizabethan Navy in Ireland 1558- 1603|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NM_AAAAYAAJ |pages=301–04 | date=1966 }}</ref>
*[[1649]] &ndash; The Italian city of [[Castro, Lazio|Castro]] is completely destroyed by the forces of [[Pope Innocent X]], ending the [[Wars of Castro]].
*[[1666]] &ndash; The [[Great Fire of London]] breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]].
*[[1752]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], along with its [[British Empire|overseas possessions]], [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Great Britain and its colonies|adopts the Gregorian calendar]].
*[[1789]] &ndash; The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] is founded.
*[[1792]] &ndash; During what became known as the [[September Massacres]] of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers.
*[[1806]] &ndash; A massive landslide destroys the town of [[Goldau]], Switzerland, killing 457.
*[[1807]] &ndash; Napoleonic Wars: The British Royal Navy [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|bombards Copenhagen]] with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon.
*[[1856]] &ndash; The [[Tianjing incident]] takes place in [[Nanjing]], China.
*[[1859]] &ndash; The [[Carrington Event]] is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=James L. |last2=Boardsen |first2=Scott |last3=Odenwald |first3=Sten |last4=Humble |first4=John |last5=Pazamickas |first5=Katherine A. |title=Eyewitness reports of the great auroral storm of 1859 |journal=Advances in Space Research |date=January 2006 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=145–154 |doi=10.1016/j.asr.2005.12.021 |bibcode=2006AdSpR..38..145G |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050210157 |access-date=28 August 2020|hdl=2060/20050210157 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General [[George B. McClellan]] to full command after General [[John Pope (general)|John Pope]]'s disastrous defeat at the [[Second Battle of Bull Run]].
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: Union forces enter [[Atlanta]], a day after the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] defenders flee the city, ending the [[Atlanta Campaign]].
*[[1867]] &ndash; Mutsuhito, [[Emperor Meiji]] of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as [[Empress Shōken]]. 
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: [[Battle of Sedan]]: [[Prussia]]n forces take [[Napoleon III of France]] and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner.
*[[1885]] &ndash; [[Rock Springs massacre]]: In [[Rock Springs, Wyoming]], 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Battle of Omdurman]]: British and Egyptian troops defeat [[Sudan]]ese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan.

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; Vice President of the United States [[Theodore Roosevelt]] utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a [[Big Stick ideology|big stick]]" at the [[Minnesota State Fair]].
*[[1912]] &ndash; [[Arthur Rose Eldred]] is awarded the first [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scout]] award of the [[Boy Scouts of America]].
*[[1923]] &ndash; [[Kantō Massacre]]: Amid rumors that Koreans had been conducting acts of sabotage in the aftermath of the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake]], lynch mobs of Japanese begin massacring thousands of civilians over the course of several weeks, mainly ethnic minorities such as [[Zainichi Koreans|Koreans]] and Chinese.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hasegawa |first=Kenji |date=June 15, 2022 |title=The 8 p.m. Battle Cry: The 1923 Earthquake and the Korean Sawagi in Central Tokyo |url=https://apjjf.org/2022/12/Hasegawa.html |access-date=July 8, 2023 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus|volume=20|issue=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230831-it-hurts-my-heart-japan-s-kanto-massacre-100-years-on | title='It hurts my heart': Japan's Kanto massacre, 100 years on | date=31 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2021/10/25/un-remembering-the-massacre-how-japans-history-wars-are-challenging-research-integrity-domestically-and-abroad/ | title=Un-remembering the Massacre: How Japan's 'History Wars' are Challenging Research Integrity Domestically and Abroad | date=25 October 2021 }}</ref>
*[[1935]] &ndash; The [[1935 Labor Day Hurricane|Labor Day Hurricane]], the most intense hurricane to strike the United States, makes landfall at [[Long Key]], Florida, killing at least 400.
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Following the start of the [[invasion of Poland]] the previous day, the [[Free City of Danzig]] (now [[Gdańsk]], Poland) is annexed by [[Nazi Germany]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; The last execution of a Finn in [[Finland]] takes place when soldier [[Olavi Laiho]] is executed by shooting in [[Oulu]].<ref>Penkkala-Arikka, Päivi (2006) ''Erään Mauno Olavin tarina. Olavi Laiho, viimeinen teloitettu suomalainen'' ["A Story of one Mauno Olavi. Olavi Laiho, the last executed Finn."]. (Master's thesis) University of Helsinki</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]] is signed by Japan and the major warring powers aboard the battleship {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}} in [[Tokyo Bay]].
*  1945   &ndash; Communist leader [[Ho Chi Minh]] [[Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam|proclaimed]] the [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] after the end of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]].
*[[1946]] &ndash; The [[Interim Government of India]] is formed, headed by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as vice president with the powers of a Prime Minister.
*[[1957]] &ndash; President [[Ngô Đình Diệm]] of [[South Vietnam]] becomes [[Ngo Dinh Diem presidential visit to Australia|the first foreign head of state to make a state visit to Australia]].
*[[1958]] &ndash; A USAF [[Lockheed RC-130 Hercules|RC-130]] [[1958 C-130 shootdown incident|is shot down]] by fighters over Armenia when it strays into Soviet airspace while conducting a [[Signals intelligence|sigint]] mission. All crew members are killed.
*[[1960]] &ndash; The first election of the [[Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration|Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile]]. The Tibetan community observes this date as Democracy Day.
*[[1963]] &ndash; ''[[CBS Evening News]]'' becomes U.S. network television's first half-hour weeknight news broadcast, when the show is lengthened from 15 to 30 minutes.
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Operation OAU]] begins during the [[Nigerian Civil War]].
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[NASA]] announces the [[Canceled Apollo missions|cancellation]] of two [[Apollo program|Apollo]] missions to the Moon, [[Apollo 15]] (the designation is re-used by a later mission), and [[Canceled Apollo missions#Apollos 18–20|Apollo 19]].
*[[1984]] &ndash; Seven people are shot and killed and 12 wounded in the [[Milperra massacre]], a shootout between the rival motorcycle [[gang]]s [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]] and [[Comanchero Motorcycle Club|Comanchero]]s in Sydney, Australia.
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]: Sri Lankan Tamil politicians and former MPs [[M. Alalasundaram]] and [[V. Dharmalingam]] are shot dead.
*[[1987]] &ndash; In Moscow, the trial begins for 19-year-old pilot [[Mathias Rust]], who flew his [[Cessna]] airplane into [[Red Square]] in May.
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Transnistria]] is unilaterally proclaimed a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] republic; the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Soviet president]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] declares the decision null and void.
*[[1992]] &ndash; The 7.7 {{M|w}} [[1992 Nicaragua earthquake|Nicaragua earthquake]] affected the west coast of Nicaragua. With a {{M|s|link=y}}–{{M|w|link=y}} disparity of half a unit, this [[tsunami earthquake]] triggered a tsunami that caused most of the damage and casualties, with at least 116 killed. Typical runup heights were {{convert|3|-|8|m|sp=us}}.
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Swissair Flight 111]] crashes near [[Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia]]; all 229 people on board are killed.
*  1998   &ndash; The [[United Nations|UN]]'s [[International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda]] finds [[Jean-Paul Akayesu]], the former [[mayor]] of a small town in [[Rwanda]], guilty of nine counts of [[genocide]].
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Google]] launches its [[Google Chrome]] web browser.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Research|title=Google Fast Facts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/06/30/business/google-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2022-01-12|publisher=CNN|date=30 June 2014 }}</ref> 
*[[2009]] &ndash; The [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash|Andhra Pradesh, India helicopter crash]] occurred near Rudrakonda Hill, 40 nautical miles (74&nbsp;km) from [[Kurnool]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Fatalities included [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israel-Palestinian conflict]]: the [[2010–11 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks|2010 Israeli-Palestinian peace talks]] are launched by the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/31/AR2010083103335.html|title=Direct talks between Israeli and Palestinian leaders to begin|last=Zacharia|first=Janine|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2010-09-01|access-date=2018-10-29|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; The [[Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge]] opens at 10:15 pm at a cost of $6.4&nbsp;billion, after the [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake]] damaged the old span.
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Dorian]], a [[Category 5 Hurricane|category 5 hurricane]], devastates [[the Bahamas]], killing at least five.<ref>{{citation|website=Insider News|date=Sep 3, 2019|access-date=Sep 3, 2019|title=Hurricane Dorian is slowly inching from the Bahamas to the US, leaving devastation in its wake|url=https://www.insider.com/tropical-storm-dorian-track-hurricane-forecast-2019-8|author1=Aylin Woodward|author2=Morgan McFall-Johnsen}}</ref>
*  2019   &ndash; The dive boat MV ''Conception'' [[Sinking of MV Conception|catches fire and sinks]] near [[Santa Cruz Island]], killing 34.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/conception-dive-boat-sinking-fire-origins-14407113.php|title=What we know about the Santa Cruz Island boat fire disaster|last=Dowd|first=Katie|date=September 2, 2019|website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|access-date=September 2, 2019}}</ref>
*  [[2023]] &ndash; [[Aditya-L1|India's first solar observation mission]]: The [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)]] successfully launches [[Aditya-L1]] from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan space centre]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Geeta Pandey |date=2023-09-01 |title=Aditya-L1: India successfully launches its first mission of the Sun |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya L1 spacecraft launched successfully; first EarthBound firing scheduled for tomorrow, says ISRO |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>