Editing September 23 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 38|38]] &ndash; [[Julia Drusilla|Drusilla]], [[Caligula]]'s sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=210|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
*[[1122]] &ndash; [[Pope Callixtus II]] and Holy Roman Emperor [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]] agree to the [[Concordat of Worms]] to put an end to the [[Investiture Controversy]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stroll|first=Mary|title=Callixtus II (1119–1124): A Pope Born to Rule|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|date=2004|isbn=9789004139879|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5IZSEAAAQBAJ|page=389}}</ref>
*[[1338]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Arnemuiden]], in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the [[Hundred Years' War]] and the first naval battle in which gunpowder artillery is used.<ref name="Castex">{{cite book |first=Jean-Claude |last=Castex |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9tChhhw62AC&q=%2223+septembre+1338%22+%22bataille+navale%22&pg=PA18 |title=Dictionnaire des batailles navales franco-anglaises |publisher=Presses de l'Université Laval |year=2004 |page=21|isbn=9782763780610 }}</ref>
*[[1409]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Kherlen]] is the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.
*[[1459]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Blore Heath]], the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is won by the Yorkists.<ref>Edward Hall. ''The Union of The Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre & Yorke'' (1548; reprinted as ''Hall's Chronicle'' 1809; quoted in English Heritage Battlefield Report: Blore Heath 1459)</ref>
*[[1561]] &ndash; King [[Philip II of Spain]] issues [[Cedula de identidad|cedula]], ordering a halt to colonizing efforts in Florida.<ref>{{cite book|first=Clifton|last=Daniel|title=Chronicle of America|publisher=Chronicle publication|year=1989|page=31|isbn=0-13-133745-9}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1642]] &ndash; [[First English Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Powick Bridge]], the first engagement between the primary field armies of the [[Cavalier|Royalists]] and the [[Roundheads|Parliamentarians]], ended in a Royalist victory.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gaunt|first=Peter|title=The English Civil War: A Military History|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=2019|isbn=9781350143517|pages=69–71}}</ref>
*[[1779]] &ndash; [[American Revolution]]: [[John Paul Jones]], naval commander of the United States, on board the {{USS|Bonhomme Richard|1765|6}}, wins the [[Battle of Flamborough Head]].<ref>{{Citation| last = Thomas| first = Ewan| title = John Paul Jones: Sailor, Hero, Father of the American Navy| page = 170| year = 2010| publisher = Simon and Schuster| isbn = 978-1-451-60399-6}}</ref>
*[[1803]] &ndash; [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]: The [[Battle of Assaye]] is fought between the [[British East India Company]] and the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] in India.<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=69–71}}</ref> 
*[[1821]] &ndash; [[Siege of Tripolitsa|Tripolitsa]], Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.
*[[1846]] &ndash; Astronomers [[Urbain Le Verrier]], [[John Couch Adams]] and [[Johann Gottfried Galle]] collaborate on the [[discovery of Neptune]].
*[[1868]] &ndash; The [[Grito de Lares]] occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.
*[[1879]] &ndash; The [[Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society]] is founded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://life.hotnews.ro/stiri-prin_oras-23377159-moment-aniversar-referinta-societatea-cultura-macedo-romana-implineste-140-ani-infiintare-baneadza-armanamea.htm|title=Moment aniversar de referință: Societatea de Cultură Macedo-Română împlinește 140 de ani de la înființare. S-bâneadzâ Armânamea!|first=Ionuț|last=Băiaș|newspaper=[[HotNews]]|date=20 September 2019|language=ro}}</ref>
*[[1884]] &ndash; On the night of 23–24 September, the steamship ''Arctique'' runs aground near [[Cape Virgenes]] leading to the discovery of nearby [[Placer mining|placer]] gold, beginning the [[Tierra del Fuego gold rush]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=La minería aurífera en la región austral americana (1869-1950)|journal=[[Historia (history of the Americas journal)|Historia]]|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-71942003003600009|last=Martinic Beros|first=Mateo|volume=36|doi=10.4067/S0717-71942003003600009|year=2003|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |language=Spanish|author-link=Mateo Martinic}}</ref> 
*[[1899]] &ndash; The American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the [[Battle of Olongapo]].

===1901–present===
*[[1905]] &ndash; Norway and Sweden sign the Karlstad Treaty, peacefully [[Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden|dissolving]] the Union between the two countries.
*[[1913]] &ndash; The [[United Mine Workers of America]] launch a strike which eventually escalated into the [[Colorado Coalfield War]].<ref>{{cite journal|title='From the Eye to the Soul': Industrial Labor's Mary Harris "Mother" Jones and the Rhetorics of Display |last1=Boor Tonn |first1=Mari |s2cid=144700584 |jstor=23064465 |journal=Rhetoric Society Quarterly |publisher=[[Rhetoric Society of America]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages =231–249|year=2011 |doi = 10.1080/02773945.2011.575325}}</ref>
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Battle of Haifa (1918)|The Battle of Haifa]] takes place in present-day [[Haifa|Israel]], part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] at that time.<ref name=India>{{cite web |last=Eyadat |first=Fadi |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380 |title=On Haifa Day India salutes World War I troops |work=Haaretz |date=24 September 2010 |access-date=24 March 2013 |archive-date=2 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102100519/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[1920 Louisiana hurricane|Louisiana hurricane]] dissipated over [[Kansas]]<ref name=Metadata>{{cite web|title=Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_dec12.html|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=January 16, 2013|author=Landsea, Chris|display-authors=etal}}</ref> after forcing around 4,500 people to evacuate<ref>{{cite news|title=4,500 Move Out of Galveston|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/09/22/107002526.pdf|access-date=January 17, 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 21, 1920}}</ref> and causing $1.45 million in damages.<ref name=Metadata />
*[[1932]] &ndash; [[Saudi National Day]]: Crown Prince (later king) [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia]], on behalf of [[Ibn Saud]], proclaims the unification of the [[Saudi Arabia|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]], the current iteration of the [[Third Saudi State]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi National Day |url=https://www.mofa.gov.sa/en/ksa/Pages/nationalday.aspx |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Actions along the Matanikau|Matanikau action]] on [[Guadalcanal]] begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the [[Matanikau River]].
*[[1947]] &ndash; A [[1947 Dustabad earthquake|magnitude 6.9 earthquake]] strikes South Khorasan in Iran, killing over 500 people.<ref name="ngdc">{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information|date=1972 |doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3863 |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=7 June 2024 |author=National Geophysical Data Center }}</ref>
*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Korean War]]: The [[Battle of Hill 282]] is the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II.
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[George VI]], king of the United Kingdom, has his [[Pneumonectomy|left lung removed]] in an operation after a malignant tumour was found.<ref>{{cite news|title=King Has a Lung Operation|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=24 September 1951|pages=1, 8|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=King's Condition Critical After Two-Hour-Long Operation|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=24 September 1951|pages=1, 2}}</ref>
*[[1952]] &ndash; After being accused of financial improprieties, Senator [[Richard Nixon]] delivers his "[[Checkers speech]]" nationwide on television and radio, defending his actions and successfully salvaging his nomination as the Republican candidate for [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bochin|first=Hal|title=Richard Nixon: Rhetorical Strategist|location=New York|publisher=Greenwood Press|date=1990|isbn=9780313261084|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gOjEEAAAQBAJ|pages=33–34, 40–44}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; An all-white jury in [[Mississippi]] finds Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam not guilty in the torture-murder of 14-year-old African American boy [[Emmett Till]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Whitfield|first=Stephen|title=A Death in the Delta: The Story of Emmett Till|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=1991|isbn=9780801843266|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vxoAEAAAQBAJ|page=42}}</ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; A [[Tropical cyclone#Classification and naming|tropical storm]] originating in the eastern [[Pacific Ocean]] passes into the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and is upgraded and named [[Hurricane Flossy (1956)|Hurricane Flossy]] just hours before striking the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]] and causing 15 deaths and an estimated [[United States dollar|USD]]$24.8 million in damages.<ref>{{cite book|last=Barnes|first=Jay|title=Florida's Hurricane History|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|date=2007|isbn=9780807830680|url=https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican00barn|pages=194–195}}</ref>
*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Little Rock Nine|Little Rock schools integration crisis]]: President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] sends the [[101st Airborne Division]] to [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], and [[National Guard (United States)#Federal duty|federalizes]] the [[Arkansas National Guard]], ordering both to support the [[School integration in the United States|integration]] of [[Little Rock Central High School]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Jean Edward|title=Eisenhower in War and Peace|location=New York|publisher=Random House|date=2012|isbn=9780679644293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LhouUaI5ecC|pages=723–724}}</ref>
*[[1961]] &ndash; U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] nominates African American civil rights lawyer [[Thurgood Marshall]] to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Tushnet|first=Mark V.|title=Making Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1961–1991|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1997|isbn=9780195093148|url=https://archive.org/details/makingconstituti0000tush/page/n5/mode/2up|page=10}}</ref> although pro-[[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] Southern senators manage to delay his confirmation until September 11, 1962.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Howard|title=A Defiant Life: Thurgood Marshall and the Persistence of Racism in America|location=New York|publisher=Crown Publishers|date=1998|isbn=9780517599310|url=https://archive.org/details/defiantlifethurg00ball|pages=181–183}}</ref>
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Flying Tiger Line Flight 923]], a [[Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation]] registered as N6923C, [[ditched]] into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] killing 28 out the 76 occupants onboard. The remaining 48 were rescued six hours later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation N6923C, Sunday 23 September 1962 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/333234 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crash of a Lockheed L-1049H-82 Super Constellation into the Atlantic Ocean: 28 killed {{!}} Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-lockheed-l-1049h-82-super-constellation-atlantic-ocean-28-killed |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=www.baaa-acro.com}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Typhoon Wilda (1964)|Typhoon Wilda]], one of the strongest typhoons to ever strike [[Japan]], makes landfall,<ref>{{cite news|title=Typhoon Wilda Hits Japan With 100 MPH Wind|work=The Sacramento Bee|date=September 24, 1964|page=B4}}</ref> causing at least 30 fatalities<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Gregory|title=Typhoon Batters Olympic City|work=The Age|date=September 26, 1964|pages=1, 4}}</ref> and sinking at least 64 ships.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wilda's Damage: 30 Dead, 8 lost|work=Santa Ana Register|date=September 25, 1964|page=A7}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; Seven people die, 46 people are injured, and more than 150 boats capsize when a [[1967 Coho Salmon Fishing Disaster|squall hit Lake Michigan]] during [[Michigan]]'s first [[coho salmon]] sport fishing season.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hansen|first=Jerome|title=Lake Squall Traps Boats; Six Anglers Die|work=Detroit Free Press|date=September 24, 1967|pages=A1, A17|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=At Least 7 Die As Squall Tips Lake Michigan Boats|work=New York Daily News|date=September 24, 1967|page=C2}}</ref>
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Argentine general election, September 1973|Argentine general election]]: [[Juan Perón]] returns to power in Argentina.
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Gulf Air Flight 771]] is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 112 people on board.
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Qantas Flight 1]] overrun a runway in [[Bangkok]] during a storm, causing minor injuries to some passengers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skybrary.aero/accidents-and-incidents/b744-bangkok-thailand-1999|title=B744, Bangkok Thailand, 1999|access-date=2025-02-28|website=sky bary}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; Over 3,000 people die in [[Haiti]] after [[Hurricane Jeanne]] produces massive flooding and mudslides.
*[[2008]] &ndash; Matti Saari [[Kauhajoki school shooting|kills ten people]] at a school in Finland before committing suicide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finnish college gunman kills 10 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7630969.stm |website=BBC News |access-date=23 September 2020 |date=23 September 2008}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[Teresa Lewis]] becomes the first woman to be executed by the U.S. state of [[Virginia]] since 1912, and the first woman in the state to be executed by [[lethal injection]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Teresa Lewis executed in Virginia|work=UPI|date=September 23, 2010|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.upi.com/Teresa-Lewis-executed-in-Virginia/70171285262137/}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; Twenty-five people are killed after [[Typhoon Usagi (2013)|Typhoon Usagi]] passes Hong Kong and China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-22 |title=Typhoon Usagi kills at least 25 people in China |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-24193201.amp |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; Twenty people die on the first of two days of [[2019 Papua protests|rioting]] in [[Papua (province)|Papua]] and [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]] over an alleged racist incident.<ref>{{cite news|title=20 killed in protests in Indonesia's Papua|work=AP|date=September 23, 2019|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://apnews.com/94beb45b65c849d5b6f98682fb0d7d7d|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Papua unrest death toll hits 26: Indonesian police|website=Agence France-Presse|date=September 24, 2019|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/3954/papua-unrest-death-toll-hits-26-indonesian-police-doc-1kk5jc1|archive-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190924125821/https://www.afp.com/en/news/3954/papua-unrest-death-toll-hits-26-indonesian-police-doc-1kk5jc1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; A [[grand jury]] in [[Kentucky]] declines to indict three police officers for the shooting death of [[Breonna Taylor]] in a drug raid gone wrong, leading to [[Breonna Taylor protests|nationwide protests in the U.S.]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Kevin|last2=Craig|first2=Tim|last3=Tati|first3=Marisa|title=Kentucky grand jury declines to file homicide charges in death of Breonna Taylor|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 23, 2020|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/kentucky-grand-jury-declines-to-file-homicide-charges-in-death-of-breonna-taylor/2020/09/23/2472392a-fdb7-11ea-b555-4d71a9254f4b_story.html|postscript=none}}; {{cite web|title=Breonna Taylor's family speaks out as protests continue nationwide|website=Good Morning America|date=September 26, 2020|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/news/video/breonna-taylors-family-speaks-protests-continue-nationwide-73259094}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; Voting begins in the five-day [[Election#Shams|sham]] [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine]], leading to [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Arhirova|first=Anna|title=Occupied Ukraine Holds Kremlin-Staged Vote on Joining Russia|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=September 24, 2022|page=A3|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-09-23/occupied-regions-ukraine-vote-on-joining-russia|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Russia Stages 'Referendums' to Annex Occupied Ukraine Lands|work=Bloomberg|date=September 23, 2022|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-23/russia-stages-referendums-to-annex-occupied-ukraine-lands |archive-date=October 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001212939/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-23/russia-stages-referendums-to-annex-occupied-ukraine-lands|url-status=live|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Putin Signs Independence Decrees in Precursor to Seizing Ukrainian Regions|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|date=September 30, 2022|accessdate=September 23, 2024|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/putin-to-accept-ukrainian-regions-into-russia-sham-referendums/32057599.html|archive-date=October 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001213956/https://www.rferl.org/a/putin-to-accept-ukrainian-regions-into-russia-sham-referendums/32057599.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; [[Israel]] launches [[September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon#23 September in Lebanon|airstrikes]] against [[Hezbollah]] targets in [[Lebanon]], killing more than 490 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-23 |title=Is this war? The Israeli-Hezbollah conflict is hard to define — or predict |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-lebanon-hezbollah-conflict-war-57eb5ef4a77f3bcc0d2b920bc4536706 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>