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September 29
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==Events== ===Pre-1600=== *[[61 BC]] – [[Pompey|Pompey the Great]] celebrates his third [[Roman triumph|triumph]] for victories over the pirates and the end of the [[Mithridatic Wars]] on his 45th birthday.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leach |first1=John |title=Pompey the Great |date=1986 |publisher=Croom Helm |isbn=0709941277 |pages=13, 117–118}}</ref> *[[1011]] – Danes [[Siege of Canterbury|capture Canterbury after a siege]], taking [[Ælfheah of Canterbury|Ælfheah]], [[archbishop of Canterbury]], as a prisoner.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=North |editor1-first=Richard |editor2-last=Goeres |editor2-first=Erin |editor3-last=Finlay |editor3-first=Alison |title=Anglo-Danish Empire: A Companion to the Reign of King Cnut the Great |date=2022 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=9781501513336 |page=12}}</ref> *[[1227]] – [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]], is excommunicated by [[Pope Gregory IX]] for his failure to participate in the [[Crusades]] during the [[Investiture Controversy]].<ref>{{cite ADB |7|436|448|Friedrich II. (Kaiser)|Eduard Winkelmann|ADB:Friedrich II. (Kaiser)}}</ref> *[[1267]] – The [[Treaty of Montgomery]] recognises [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] as Prince of Wales, but only as a vassal of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]].<ref>{{cite ODNB |last1=Smith |first1=J. B. |title=Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (d. 1282), prince of Wales |date=23 September 2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/16875}}</ref> *[[1364]] – During the [[Hundred Years' War]], Anglo-Breton forces [[Battle of Auray|defeat]] the Franco-Breton army in [[Brittany]], ending the [[War of the Breton Succession]].<ref>{{cite ODNB |last1=Fowler |first1=Kenneth |title=Calveley, Sir Hugh (d. 1394), military commander |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4407}}</ref> *[[1567]] – During the [[French War of Religion]], [[Protestantism|Protestant]] coup officials in [[Nîmes]] massacre [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] priests in an event now known as the [[Michelade]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tulchin|first=Allan|date=2006|title=The Michelade in Nimes, 1567|journal=French Historical Studies|volume=29 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1215/00161071-29-1-1 }}</ref> *[[1578]] – [[Tegucigalpa]], capital city of Honduras, is [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|claimed by the Spaniards]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tegucigalpa cumple 444 años de fundación |url=https://www.latribuna.hn/2022/09/29/tegucigalpa-cumple-444-anos-de-fundacion/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[La Tribuna (Honduras)|La Tribuna]] |date=29 September 2022 |language=es}}</ref> ===1601–1900=== *[[1714]] – The [[Cossacks]] of the [[Russian Empire]] kill about 800 people overnight in [[Hailuoto]] during the [[Great Wrath]].<ref>{{cite magazine | last = Kaitasuo | first = Pia | title = Pietari Suuren synkkä tuhon kylvö | magazine = [[Kaleva (newspaper)|Kaleva]] | date = August 15, 2015 | number = 221 | page = | pages = 34–35 | location = Oulu | publisher = Kaleva Oy | issn= 0356-1356 | language = fi}}</ref> *[[1717]] – An [[1717 Guatemala earthquake|earthquake]] strikes [[Antigua Guatemala]], destroying much of the city's architecture.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=Randall A. |last2=Ligorría |first2=Juan Pablo |last3=Cifuentes |first3=Ines Lucia |last4=Rose |first4=W. I. |title=Seismic history of the Middle America subduction zone along El Salvador, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico: 1526–2000. |journal=Special Papers of the Geological Society of America |date=2004 |page=394}}</ref> *[[1724]] – [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach]] leads the first performance of '''[[Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, BWV 130|''Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir'', BWV 130]]''' for the feast of [[Michael (archangel)|archangel Michael]], based on [[Paul Eber]]'s hymn in twelve stanzas.<ref>{{cite web|date=2024 |title=Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir [1st version] BWV 130.1; BWV 130; BC A 179a/b |url=http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000158?lang=en |website=[[Bach Digital]]}}</ref> *[[1789]] – The [[United States Department of War]] first establishes a [[Regular Army (United States)|regular army]] with a strength of several hundred men.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heitman |first1=Francis Bernard |title=Historical Register of the United States Army: From Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to September 29, 1889 |date=1890 |publisher=National Tribune |page=40}}</ref> *[[1829]] – The [[Metropolitan Police]] of London, later also known as ''the Met'', is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Ian |title=Police, Government and Accountability |date=1996 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. |isbn=9781349251551 |page=85 |edition=2nd}}</ref> *[[1848]] – The [[Battle of Pákozd]] is a stalemate between Hungarian and Croatian forces and is the first battle of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848|Hungarian Revolution]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hötte |first1=Hans H. A. |title=Atlas of Southeast Europe: Geopolitics and History. Volume Three, 1815–1926 |date=2018 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004361812 |page=7}}</ref> *[[1850]] – The papal bull ''[[Universalis Ecclesiae]]'' restores the Roman Catholic hierarchy in [[England and Wales]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paz |first1=D. G. |title=Another Look at Lord John Russell and the Papal Aggression, 1850 |journal=The Historian |date=1 November 1982 |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=47–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1982.tb01571.x}}</ref> *[[1855]] – The Philippine [[port of Iloilo]] is opened to world trade by the [[Spanish East Indies|Spanish administration]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Demy |last=Sonza |title=The Port of Iloilo: 1855 - 2005|url= http://www.gracianolopezjaena.org/port_of_iloilo.html|work=Graciano Lopez-Jaena Life and Works and Iloilo History Online Resource|publisher=Dr. Graciano Lopez-Jaena Foundation, Inc.|url-status=usurped|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160119170507/http://www.gracianolopezjaena.org/port_of_iloilo.html |archive-date=2016-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/07/21/iloilos.position.under.colonial.rule.html |first=Henry |last=Funtecha |title=Iloilo's position under colonial rule |publisher=The News Today |date=July 21, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404003220/http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/07/21/iloilos.position.under.colonial.rule.html |archive-date= Apr 4, 2023 }}</ref> *[[1864]] – The [[Battle of Chaffin's Farm]] is fought in the [[American Civil War]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Kennedy |editor1-first=Frances H. |title=The Civil War Battlefield Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHObJArDHZMC&pg=PA362 |date=1998 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=9780395740125 |pages=362–366 |edition=2nd}}</ref> * 1864 – The [[Treaty of Lisbon (1864)|Treaty of Lisbon]] defines the boundaries between Spain and Portugal and abolishes the [[Couto Misto]] microstate.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Fitzmaurice |editor1-first=Malgosia |editor2-last=Szuniewicz |editor2-first=Milena |title=Exploitation of Natural Resources in the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FMKDEZbFY8C&pg=PA196 |date=2003 |publisher=Kluwer Law International |location=The Hague |isbn=9789041120632 |page=196}}</ref> *[[1885]] – The first [[Blackpool tramway|practical public electric]] tramway in the world is opened in [[Blackpool|Blackpool, England]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Procession to mark 125 years of Blackpool trams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-11433863 |access-date=17 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=29 September 2010}}</ref> ===1901–present=== *[[1907]] – The cornerstone is laid at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (better known as [[Washington National Cathedral]]) in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History. Vol. 4|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2014|isbn=9781610690256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ|page=1621}}</ref> *[[1911]] – Italy [[Italo-Turkish War|declares war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Alan John Percivale |title=The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848–1918 |date=1957 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=474}}</ref> *[[1918]] – Bulgaria signs the [[Armistice of Salonica]] ending its participation in [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Bulgaria Armistice Convention, September 29, 1918 |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=October 1919 |volume=13 |issue=S4 |pages=402–404 |doi=10.2307/2212836 |jstor=2212836|s2cid=246014218 }}</ref> * 1918 – The [[Hindenburg Line]] is [[Battle of St. Quentin Canal|broken]] by an Allied attack in World War I.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Monash |first1=John |title=The Australian Victories in France in 1918 |date=1920 |publisher=Hutchinson & Co. |page=154}}</ref> * 1918 – Germany's [[Oberste Heeresleitung|Supreme Army Command]] tells Kaiser [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] and Imperial Chancellor [[Georg Michaelis]] to open negotiations for an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice]] to end World War I.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Axelrod |first1=Alan |title=How America won World War I |date=2018 |publisher=Lyons Press |isbn=9781493031931 |page=260}}</ref> *[[1920]] – [[Ukrainian War of Independence]]: The [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] agree to a [[Starobilsk agreement|truce]] with the [[Makhnovshchina]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Malet |first1=Michael |title=Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War |date=1982 |language=English |isbn=978-0-333-25969-6 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=[[London]] |oclc=8514426 |page=63}}</ref> *[[1923]] – The [[Mandate for Palestine]] takes effect, creating [[Mandatory Palestine]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rayman |first1=Noah |title=What was Mandatory Palestine? And why does it matter? |url=https://time.com/3445003/mandatory-palestine/ |access-date=17 October 2022 |magazine=Time |date=29 September 2014}}</ref> * 1923 – The [[Mandate for Syria and Lebanon]] takes effect.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=B. |first1=M. |last2=L. |first2=H. G. |title=Syria and Lebanon: The States of the Levant under French Mandate |journal=Bulletin of International News |date=1940 |volume=17 |issue=14 |page=843 |jstor=25642818 |issn=2044-3986}}</ref> * 1923 – The [[1923 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|First American Track and Field championships for women]] are held.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tricard |first1=Louise Mead |title=American Women's Track and Field: A History, 1895 through 1980 |date=1996 |publisher=McFarland & Co |isbn=9780786402199 |page=88}}</ref> *[[1932]] – Last day of the [[Battle of Boquerón (1932)|Battle of Boquerón]] between [[Paraguay]] and [[Bolivia]] during the [[Chaco War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Farcau |first1=Bruce W. |title=The Chaco War: Bolivia and Paraguay, 1932–1935 |date=1996 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=9780275952181 |pages=59–61}}</ref> *[[1940]] – Two [[Avro Anson]]s [[1940 Brocklesby mid-air collision|collide in mid-air]] over [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], remain locked together, then land safely.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/78800782 |title=Risks life to save villagers|newspaper=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |location=Perth |date=2 October 1940 |access-date=31 October 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]}}</ref> *[[1941]] – During [[World War II]], [[Nazi Germany|German]] forces, with the aid of local [[Collaboration in German-occupied Ukraine|Ukrainian collaborators]], begin the two-day [[Babi Yar]] massacre.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Packer |first1=George |title=Ukrainians Are Defending the Values Americans Claim to Hold |magazine=The Atlantic |date=6 September 2022 |pages=32–33 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/ukraine-invasion-civilian-volunteers-survival/671241/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |volume=330 |issue=3 |issn=1072-7825 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> *[[1954]] – The convention establishing [[CERN]] (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Mark |title=The CERN Community; A Mechanism for Effective Global Collaboration? |date=18 November 2018 |page=3 |doi=10.1111/1758-5899.12608 |publisher=Wiley |journal=Global Policy |volume=10 |issue=1|s2cid=158186571 |doi-access=free }}</ref> *[[1957]] – The [[Kyshtym disaster]] is the third-worst [[Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents|nuclear accident]] ever recorded.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Monroe |first1=Scott D. |title=Chelyabinsk: The Evolution of Disaster |journal=Post-Soviet Geography |date=October 1992 |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=533–545 |doi=10.1080/10605851.1992.10640912}}</ref> *[[1959]] – A [[Lockheed L-188 Electra]] [[Braniff International Airways Flight 542|crashes]] in [[Buffalo, Texas]], killing 34 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed L-188A Electra N9705C Buffalo, TX |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19590929-0 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> *[[1971]] – Oman joins the [[Arab League]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Al-Khalili |first1=Majid |title=Oman's Foreign Policy: Foundation and Practice |date=2009 |publisher=Praeger Security International |isbn=9780313352256 |page=70}}</ref> *[[1972]] – [[Japan]] establishes [[China–Japan relations|diplomatic relations]] with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] after breaking official ties with the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kim|first=Hong N.|date=1975|title=Sino-Japanese Relations since the Rapprochement|journal=Asian Survey|volume=15|issue=7|pages=559–573|doi=10.2307/2643340|jstor=2643340|issn=0004-4687}}</ref> *[[1975]] – [[WWJ-TV#WGPR-TV|WGPR]] becomes the first black-owned-and-operated television station in the US.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Godfrey |first1=Donald G. |title=Methods of Historical Analysis in Electronic Media |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135607418 |pages=255–257}}</ref> *[[1979]] – The dictator [[Francisco Macias]] of [[Equatorial Guinea]] is executed by soldiers from [[Western Sahara]].<ref name="macias" /> *[[1981]] – An [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force|Iranian Air Force]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] military transport aircraft [[1981 Iranian Air Force C-130 crash|crashes]] into a firing range near [[Kahrizak]], [[Iran]], killing 80 people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules 5-8552 Kahrisak|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810929-0|access-date=28 September 2021|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> *[[1988]] – NASA launches [[STS-26]], the first [[Space Shuttle]] mission since the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|''Challenger'' disaster]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wood |first1=C.A. |last2=Helfert |first2=M.R. |last3=Lulla |first3=K.P. |last4=Covey |first4=R.O. |title=Earth Observations During Space Shuttle Flight: Sts-26: Discovery's Mission to Earth: September 29-October 3, 1988 |journal=Geocarto International |date=June 1989 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=55–63 |doi=10.1080/10106048909354209}}</ref> *[[1990]] – Construction of the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (better known as [[Washington National Cathedral]]) is completed in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Stepp|first=Laura Sessions|title=Atonishing Splendor: Last Stone Laid on Masterpiece of Faith|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=30 September 1990|page=B1}}</ref> * 1990 – The [[Lockheed YF-22|YF-22]], which would later become the F-22 Raptor, flies for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mullin |first1=Sherman |title=The evolution of the F-22 advanced tactical fighter (1992 Wright Brothers Lecture) |journal=Flight Simulation Technologies Conference |date=24 August 1992 |page=2 |doi=10.2514/6.1992-4188}}</ref> * 1990 – The [[Tampere Hall]], the largest concert and congress center in the [[Nordic countries]], is inaugurated in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kulttuurin superviikko Tampere-talossa: Tero Saarisen uutuusteos, satuoopperoiden maailmanensi-ilta ja talon synttäriesitys |url=https://www.epressi.com/tiedotteet/kulttuuri-ja-taide/kulttuurin-superviikko-tampere-talossa-tero-saarisen-uutuusteos-satuoopperoiden-maailmanensi-ilta-ja-talon-synttariesitys.html |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=ePressi |date=3 September 2015 |language=fi}}</ref> *[[1991]] – A [[1991 Haitian coup d'état|Haitian coup d'état]] occurs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gibbons |first1=Elizabeth D. |title=Sanctions in Haiti: Human Rights and Democracy under assault |date=1999 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=9780275966065 |page=4}}</ref> *[[1992]] – Brazilian President [[Fernando Collor de Mello]] is impeached.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Marsteintredet |editor1-first=Leiv |editor2-last=Llanos |editor2-first=Mariana |title=Presidential Breakdowns in Latin America: Causes and Outcomes of Executive Instability in Developing Democracies |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9780230105812 |page=115 |edition=1st}}</ref> *[[2004]] – The asteroid [[4179 Toutatis]] passes within four lunar distances of Earth.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=F. |last2=Coxhill |first2=I. |last3=Kormos |first3=T. |last4=Imre |first4=E. |last5=Fielding |first5=J. |last6=Atek |first6=S. |last7=Lappas |first7=V. |last8=Freebody |first8=M. |title=Prometheus: A low-cost microsatellite flyby mission of 4179 Toutatis |journal=Acta Astronautica |date=October 2006 |volume=59 |issue=8–11 |page=838 |doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.07.057|bibcode=2006AcAau..59..834K }}</ref> * 2004 – [[Burt Rutan]]'s Ansari ''[[SpaceShipOne]]'' performs a successful spaceflight, the first of two required to win the [[Ansari X Prize]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Anthony |title=The Twenty-First Century Commercial Space Imperative |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319189291 |page=71}}</ref> *[[2005]] – [[John Roberts]] is confirmed as [[Chief Justice of the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2016 |title=George W. Bush – Key Events |url=https://millercenter.org/president/george-w-bush/key-events|access-date=11 January 2022|website=millercenter.org – Miller Center }}</ref> *[[2006]] – A Boeing 737 and an Embraer 600 [[Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907|collide in mid-air]], killing 154 people and triggering a [[2006–2007 Brazilian aviation crisis|Brazilian aviation crisis]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Langewiesche |first1=William |title=The Devil at 37,000 Feet |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2009/01/air_crash200901 |access-date=31 October 2022 |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219040342/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2009/01/air_crash200901 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[2007]] – [[Calder Hall]], the world's first commercial [[Nuclear power plant|nuclear power station]], is demolished in a controlled explosion.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.K. Takes Down A Piece Of Nuclear History |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/uk-takes-down-a-piece-of-nuclear-history/ |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=CBS News |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> *[[2008]] – The [[stock market crash]]es after the first [[United States House of Representatives]] vote on the [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008|Emergency Economic Stabilization Act]] fails during the beginning stages of the [[Great Recession]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Critical Events of the 2008 Financial Crisis|url=https://www.thebalance.com/2008-financial-crisis-timeline-3305540|access-date=2022-01-17|website=The Balance}}</ref> *[[2009]] – The 8.1 {{M|w}} [[2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami|Samoa earthquake]] results in a tsunami that kills over 189 and injures hundreds.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dudley |first1=Walter C. |last2=Whitney |first2=Rosy |last3=Faasisila |first3=Jackie |last4=Fonolua |first4=Sharon |last5=Jowitt |first5=Angela |last6=Chan-Kau |first6=Marie |title=Learning from the victims: New physical and social science information about tsunamis from victims of the September 29, 2009 event in Samoa and American Samoa |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |date=July 2011 |volume=107 |issue=1–2 |pages=201–206 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.005|bibcode=2011ESRv..107..201D }}</ref> *[[2011]] – The special court in India convicted all 269 accused officials for atrocity on [[Dalit]]s and 17 for rape in the [[Vachathi case]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arivanantham |first1=R. |title=215 sentenced to jail in Vachathi case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/215-sentenced-to-jail-in-vachathi-case/article2497067.ece |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=29 September 2011 |language=en-IN}}</ref> *[[2013]] – Over 42 people are [[Gujba college massacre|killed]] by members of [[Boko Haram]] at the College of Agriculture in Nigeria.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Wischmann |editor1-first=Anke |editor2-last=Salomon |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Springer |editor3-first=Jürgen-Matthias |title=Pädagogik in Zeiten von Krieg und Terror |date=2017 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=9783631759301 |page=150 |language=en, de}}</ref> *[[2016]] – Eleven days after the [[2016 Uri attack|Uri attack]], the [[Indian Army]] [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike|conducts "surgical strikes"]] against suspected militants in [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistani-administered Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Reversing roles |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21708302-there-still-more-smoke-fire-heated-exchanges-how-long-reversing-roles?zid=306&ah=1b164dbd43b0cb27ba0d4c3b12a5e227 |access-date=20 October 2022 |newspaper=The Economist |date=6 October 2016}}</ref> *[[2019]] – Violence and low turnout mar the [[2019 Afghan presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news|work=Global News|date=29 September 2019 |title=Afghanistan faces possible political chaos after presidential election|first1=Kathy |last1=Gannon |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5966475/afghanistan-election-political-chaos/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
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