Editing September 7 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[878]] &ndash; [[Louis the Stammerer]] is crowned as king of [[West Francia]] by [[Pope John VIII]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rendina|first=Claudia|title=The Popes: Histories and Secrets|location=Santa Ana, Calif.|publisher=Seven Locks Press|date=2002|isbn=9781931643139|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdkRAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Louis+the+Stammerer%22+%227+September%22|page=203}}</ref>
*[[1159]] &ndash; Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli is elected [[Pope Alexander III]], prompting the election of Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as [[Antipope]] [[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Victor IV]] the same day.<ref>{{cite book|last=Duggan|first=Anne J.|chapter=Alexander ille meus: The Papacy of Alexander III|title=Pope Alexander III (1159-81): The Art of Survival|editor-last1=Clarke|editor-first1=Peter|editor-last2=Duggan|editor-first2=Anne J.|location=Farnham, Surrey, UK|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|date=2012|isbn=9780754662884|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rE4GDAAAQBAJ|page=19}}</ref>
*[[1191]] &ndash; [[Third Crusade]]: [[Battle of Arsuf]]: [[Richard I of England]] defeats [[Saladin]] at [[Arsuf]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carey|first1=Brian Todd|last2=Allfree|first2=Joshua B.|last3=Cairns|first3=John|title=Warfare in the Age of Crusades: The Latin East|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|publisher=Pen & Sword Military|date=2022|isbn=9781526730213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F1GjEAAAQBAJ|pages=118–123}}</ref>
*[[1228]] &ndash; Holy Roman Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] lands in [[Acre, Israel]], and starts the [[Sixth Crusade]], which results in a peaceful restoration of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].<ref>''A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East'' By Kenneth M. Setton, Norman P. Zacour, Harry W. Hazard, pp. 363–364</ref> 
*[[1303]] &ndash; [[Guillaume de Nogaret]] takes [[Pope Boniface VIII]] prisoner on behalf of [[Philip IV of France]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Verbruggen|first=J. F.|translator-last=DeVries|translator-first=Kelly|title=The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Courtrai, 11 July 1302): A Contribution to the History of Flanders' War of Liberation, 1297-1305|location=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|publisher=Boydell Press|date=2002|isbn=9780851158884|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gD5rjC_9Q08C|page=11}}</ref>
*[[1571]] &ndash; [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]], is arrested for his role in the [[Ridolfi plot]] to assassinate Queen [[Elizabeth I]] of England and replace her with [[Mary, Queen of Scots]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Questier|first=Michael C.|title=Dynastic Politics and the British Reformations, 1558-1630|location=Oxford, UK|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2019|isbn=9780198826330|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_eEDwAAQBAJ|page=91}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1620]] &ndash; The town of [[Kokkola]] ({{langx|sv|Karleby}}) is founded by King [[Gustavus Adolphus|Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]].<ref>[https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10956854 YLE: Kokkolan perustajasta puuveistos Suntin varteen] (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[https://www.kokkola.fi/kokkolan-kaupunki/tietoa-kokkolasta/historia/ Historia – Kokkola] (in Finnish)</ref>
*[[1630]] &ndash; The city of [[Boston]], Massachusetts, is founded in North America.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/AFJ7482.0001.001/24| title = Samuel Drake Adams| year = 2005}}</ref>
*[[1652]] &ndash; Around 15,000 [[Han Chinese|Han]] farmers and militia [[Guo Huaiyi Rebellion|rebel]] against [[Dutch Formosa|Dutch rule]] on [[Taiwan]].
*[[1695]] &ndash; [[Henry Every]] perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship ''[[Ganj-i-Sawai]]''. In response, Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] threatens to end all English trading in India.
*[[1706]] &ndash; [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: [[Siege of Turin]] ends, leading to the withdrawal of French forces from North Italy.
*[[1764]] &ndash; Election of [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] as the last ruler of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
*[[1776]] &ndash; According to American colonial reports, [[Ezra Lee]] makes the world's first [[submarine]] attack in the ''[[Turtle (submersible)|Turtle]]'', attempting to attach a [[Time bomb (explosive)|time bomb]] to the hull of [[HMS Eagle (1774)|HMS ''Eagle'']] in [[New York Harbor]] (no British records of this attack exist).
*[[1778]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: France [[Invasion of Dominica (1778)|invades Dominica]] in the [[British West Indies]], before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war.
*[[1812]] &ndash; [[French invasion of Russia]]: The [[Battle of Borodino]], the bloodiest battle of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], is fought near Moscow and results in a French victory.
*[[1818]] &ndash; [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Carl III]] of [[Sweden–Norway]] is crowned king of Norway, in [[Trondheim]].
*[[1822]] &ndash; [[Pedro I of Brazil|Dom Pedro I]] declares [[Independence of Brazil|Brazil independent]] from Portugal on the shores of the [[Ipiranga Brook]] in [[São Paulo]].
*[[1856]] &ndash; The [[Saimaa Canal]] is inaugurated.<ref>{{cite magazine| title= Saiman kanawa walmistunut | magazine= Sanomia Turusta | date= September 2, 1856 | number= 36 | page= 5 | language= fi}}</ref>
*[[1857]] &ndash; [[Mountain Meadows massacre]]: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of a peaceful emigrant wagon train.
*[[1860]] &ndash; [[Unification of Italy]]: [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] enters Naples.
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: Union troops under [[Quincy Adams Gillmore|Quincy A. Gillmore]] capture [[Fort Wagner]] in [[Morris Island]] after a seven-week siege.
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Atlanta]] is evacuated on orders of [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]].
*[[1876]] &ndash; In [[Northfield, Minnesota]], [[Jesse James]] and the [[James–Younger Gang]] attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens.

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; The [[Boxer Rebellion]] in [[Qing dynasty]] (modern-day [[China]]) officially ends with the signing of the [[Boxer Protocol]].
*[[1903]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman Empire]] launches a counter-offensive against the [[Strandzha Commune]], which dissolves.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Khadzhiev |first1=Georgi |translator1-last=Firth |translator1-first=Will |chapter=The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria |title=Националното освобождение и безвластният федерализъм |trans-title=National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDFOAQAAIAAJ |language=bg |pages=99–148 |date=1992 |publisher=Artizdat-5 |location=Sofia |chapter-url=http://www.savanne.ch/tusovka/en/will-firth/bulgaria.html#strandzha |oclc=27030696 }}</ref>
*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]] flies his [[14-bis]] aircraft at [[Château de Bagatelle|Bagatelle]], France successfully for the first time.
*[[1907]] &ndash; [[Cunard Line]]'s {{RMS|Lusitania}} sets sail on her maiden voyage from [[Liverpool]], England, to New York City.
*[[1909]] &ndash; [[Eugène Lefebvre]] crashes a new French-built [[Wright Model A|Wright]] biplane during a test flight at [[Juvisy]], south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life piloting a powered heavier-than-air craft.
*[[1911]] &ndash; French poet [[Guillaume Apollinaire]] is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' from the [[Louvre]] museum.
*[[1916]] &ndash; US federal employees win the right to [[Workers' compensation]] by [[Federal Employers Liability Act]] (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751)
*[[1920]] &ndash; Two newly purchased [[Savoia-Marchetti|Savoia flying boats]] crash in the [[Swiss Alps]] en route to Finland where they were to serve with the [[Finnish Air Force]], killing both crews.
*[[1921]] &ndash; In [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], the first [[Miss America Pageant]], a two-day event, is held.
*  1921   &ndash; The [[Legion of Mary]], the largest [[Consecrated life#Apostolic congregations|apostolic]] organization of lay people in the Catholic Church, is founded in Dublin, Ireland.
*[[1923]] &ndash; The [[Interpol|International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)]] is formed.
*[[1927]] &ndash; The first fully electronic television system is achieved by [[Philo Farnsworth]].
*[[1929]] &ndash; Steamer {{SS|Kuru||2}} capsizes and sinks on Lake [[Näsijärvi]] near [[Tampere]] in Finland. One hundred thirty-six lives are lost.
*[[1932]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Boquerón (1932)|Battle of Boquerón]], the first major battle of the [[Chaco War]], commences.
*[[1936]] &ndash; [[Thylacine#Last of the species|The last thylacine]], a carnivorous marsupial, dies alone in its cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
*[[1940]] &ndash; Romania returns [[Southern Dobruja]] to Bulgaria under the [[Treaty of Craiova]].
*  1940   &ndash; [[World War II]]: The German Luftwaffe begins [[the Blitz]], bombing London and other British cities for over 50 consecutive nights.
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: [[Special Naval Landing Forces|Japanese marines]] are forced to withdraw during the [[Battle of Milne Bay]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; A [[Gulf Hotel fire|fire at the Gulf Hotel]] in Houston kills 55 people.
*  1943   &ndash; World War II: The [[17th Army (Wehrmacht)|German 17th Army]] begins its evacuation of the [[Kuban bridgehead]] (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea.
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: Japanese forces on [[Wake Island]], which they had held since December 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines.
*  1945   &ndash; The [[Berlin Victory Parade of 1945]] is held.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Nikita Khrushchev]] is elected [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|first secretary]] of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
*[[1963]] &ndash; The [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members.
*[[1965]] &ndash; During an [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Indo-Pakistani War]], China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
*  1965   &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: In a follow-up to August's [[Operation Starlite]], United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate [[Operation Piranha]] on the Batangan Peninsula.
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Black September|Fighting]] begins between Arab guerrillas and government forces in Jordan.
*  1970   &ndash; [[Vietnam Television]] was established.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.vtv.org.vn/en/important.htm | title =Important milestones | work =Vietnam Television | access-date =September 4, 2021 | language =en | archive-date =January 27, 2010 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100127050950/http://www.vtv.org.vn/en/important.htm | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.vtv.org.vn/en/ | title =VTV: Overall | work =Vietnam Television | access-date =September 4, 2021 | language =en | archive-date =July 3, 2006 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060703170229/http://www.vtv.org.vn/en/ | url-status =dead }}</ref>
*[[1977]] &ndash; The [[Torrijos–Carter Treaties]] between [[Panama]] and the United States on the status of the [[Panama Canal]] are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
*  1977   &ndash; The 300-metre-tall [[CKVR-DT]] transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada, is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed.
*[[1978]] &ndash; While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident [[Georgi Markov]] is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent [[Francesco Gullino]] by means of a [[ricin]] pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella.
*[[1979]] &ndash; The [[Chrysler Corporation]] asks the United States government for US$1.5&nbsp;billion to avoid bankruptcy.
*[[1984]] &ndash; An [[C23 tragedy|explosion]] on board a Maltese patrol boat disposing of illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo kills seven soldiers and policemen.
*[[1986]] &ndash; [[Desmond Tutu]] becomes the first black man to lead the [[Anglican Diocese of Cape Town]].
*  1986   &ndash; [[Chile]]an dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]] survives [[Attempted assassination of Augusto Pinochet|an assassination attempt]] by the [[Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front|FPMR]];<ref>{{Cite news|title=El atentado a Pinochet en tres tiempos|url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/el-atentado-a-pinochet-en-tres-tiempos/|last1=Palma|first1=T.|date=2016-09-03|access-date=2021-10-05|work=[[La Tercera]]|last2=Bazán|first2=I.|language=Spanish|last3=Siredey|first3=F.}}</ref><ref name=Zalaquett2011>{{Cite journal|title=La frentista 'Fabiola': un relato en reversa del atentado a Pinochet|journal=Revista Izquierdas|last=Zalaquett|first=Cherie|volume=9|pages=1–30|year=2011|language=Spanish|trans-title='Fabiola': a reverse story on Pinochet attack}}</ref> five of Pinochet's bodyguards are killed.
*  [[1995]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'']] is launched on [[STS-69]], the second flight of the [[Wake Shield Facility]].<ref name="ssmr">{{cite web |last1=Swan |first1=Bobbie Gail |last2=Harsh |first2=George |last3=Ong |first3=A. Y. |last4=Albjerg |first4=M. |last5=Burns |first5=F. T. Jr. |date=1 December 1995 |title=STS-69 Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19970001267/downloads/19970001267.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425155840/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19970001267/downloads/19970001267.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2021 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Houston, Texas}}</ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; [[Maiden flight]] of the [[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]].
*[[1999]] &ndash; The 6.0 {{M|w}} [[1999 Athens earthquake|Athens earthquake]] affected the area with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless.
*[[2005]] &ndash; Egypt holds its first-ever [[2005 Egyptian presidential election|multi-party presidential election]].
*[[2008]] &ndash; The [[Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac|United States government takes control of]] the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, [[Fannie Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]].
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[2010 Senkaku boat collision incident|A Chinese fishing trawler]] collides with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats in disputed waters near the [[Senkaku Islands]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; The [[Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash]] in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the [[Lokomotiv Yaroslavl]] [[Kontinental Hockey League]] team.
*[[2012]] &ndash; Canada officially [[Canada–Iran relations|cuts diplomatic ties]] with [[Iran]] by closing its embassy in [[Tehran]] and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from [[Ottawa]], over nuclear plans and purported human rights abuses.
*[[2017]] &ndash; The 8.2 {{M|w}} [[2017 Chiapas earthquake]] strikes southern [[Mexico]], killing at least 60 people.
*[[2019]] &ndash; Ukrainian filmmaker [[Oleg Sentsov]] and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]].<ref>{{citation|publisher=Amnesty International/USA|title=Filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and Others Freed in Prisoner Swap |access-date=Sep 7, 2019|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/filmmaker-oleg-sentsov-and-others-freed-in-prisoner-swap/}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Bitcoin]] becomes legal tender in [[El Salvador]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-09|title=Bitcoin: El Salvador makes cryptocurrency legal tender|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57398274|access-date=2021-09-11}}</ref>
*  2021   &ndash; The [[National Unity Government of Myanmar]] declares a [[People's war|people's]] [[defensive war]] against the military junta during the [[Myanmar civil war (2021–present)|Myanmar civil war]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ratcliffe |first=Rebecca |date=7 September 2021 |title=Myanmar opposition announces 'defensive war' against junta |work=The Guardian |location=[[Yangon]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/07/myanmar-opposition-announces-defensive-war-against-junta |access-date=7 September 2021 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>