Editing Seth Lloyd (section)

==Biography==
Lloyd was born on August 2, 1960.  He graduated from [[Phillips Academy]] in 1978 and received a bachelor of arts degree from [[Harvard College]] in 1982. He earned a certificate of advanced study in mathematics and a master of philosophy degree from [[Cambridge University]] in 1983 and 1984, while on a [[Marshall Scholarship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=OYSI |url=http://oysi.org/people/entry/seth-lloyd |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=oysi.org}}</ref> Lloyd was awarded a doctorate by [[Rockefeller University]] in 1988 (advisor [[Heinz Pagels]]) after submitting a thesis on ''Black Holes, Demons, and the Loss of Coherence: How Complex Systems Get Information, and What They Do With It.''

From 1988 to 1991, Lloyd was a postdoctoral fellow in the High Energy Physics Department at the [[California Institute of Technology]], where he worked with [[Murray Gell-Mann]] on applications of information to quantum-mechanical systems. From 1991 to 1994, he was a postdoctoral fellow at [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], where he worked at the Center for Nonlinear Systems on quantum computation. In 1994, he joined the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at [[MIT]]. Starting in 1988, Lloyd was an external faculty member at the [[Santa Fe Institute]] for more than 30 years.

In his 2006 book, ''[[Programming the Universe]]'', Lloyd contends that the universe itself is one big [[quantum computer]] producing what we see around us, and ourselves, as it runs a cosmic [[computer program|program]]. According to Lloyd, once we understand the laws of [[physics]] completely, we will be able to use small-scale quantum computing to understand the universe completely as well.

Lloyd states that we could have the whole universe simulated in a computer in 600 years provided that computational power increases according to [[Moore's Law]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.edge.org/conversation/seth_lloyd-the-computational-universe |title=THE COMPUTATIONAL UNIVERSE |last=Lloyd |first=Seth |date=20 October 2002 |website=Edge.org |publisher=Edge Foundation |access-date=7 October 2020 |quote='Every physical system registers information, and just by evolving in time, by doing its thing, it changes that information&nbsp;...'}}</ref>  However, Lloyd shows that there are limits to rapid [[exponential growth]] in a finite universe, and that it is very unlikely that Moore's Law will be maintained indefinitely.

Lloyd directs the ''Center for Extreme Quantum Information Theory'' (xQIT) at MIT.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rle.mit.edu/xqit |title=People: xQIT: Leadership |work=mit.edu |access-date=2023-07-20}}</ref> He has made influential contributions to a broad range of topics, mostly in the wider field of [[quantum information science]]. Among his most cited works are the first proposal for a digital [[quantum simulator]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Seth Lloyd |title=Universal Quantum Simulators |journal=Science |volume=273 |year=1996 |issue=5278 |pages=1073–1078 |doi=10.1126/science.273.5278.1073|pmid=8688088 |bibcode=1996Sci...273.1073L }}</ref> a general framework for [[quantum metrology]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Quantum Metrology |first1=Vittorio |last1=Giovannetti |first2=Seth |last2=Lloyd |first3=Lorenzo |last3=Maccone |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |year=2006 |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=010401 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.010401 |pmid=16486424 |arxiv=quant-ph/0509179|bibcode=2006PhRvL..96a0401G |s2cid=32512151 }}</ref> the first treatment of quantum computation with [[continuous variables]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Quantum Computation over Continuous Variables |first1=Seth |last1=Lloyd |first2=Samuel L. |last2=Braunstein |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=82 |pages=1784–1787 |year=1999 |issue=8 |doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1784|arxiv=quant-ph/9810082|bibcode=1999PhRvL..82.1784L |s2cid=921320 }}</ref> [[dynamical decoupling]] as a method of quantum error avoidance,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Dynamical Decoupling of Open Quantum Systems |first1=Lorenza |last1=Viola |first2=Emanuel |last2=Knill |first3=Seth |last3=Lloyd |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=82 |pages=2417–2421 |year=1999 |issue=12 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2417 |arxiv=quant-ph/9809071|bibcode=1999PhRvL..82.2417V }}</ref> [[quantum algorithm]]s for equation solving<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Aram W. |last1=Harrow |first2=Avinatan |last2=Hassidim |first3=Seth |last3=Lloyd |title=Quantum Algorithm for Linear Systems of Equations |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=103 |year=2009 |issue=15 |pages=150502 |arxiv=0811.3171 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.150502|pmid=19905613 |bibcode=2009PhRvL.103o0502H }}</ref> and [[machine learning]]<ref>{{cite journal |first1=S. |last1=Lloyd |first2=M. |last2=Mohseni |first3=P. |last3=Rebentrost |title=Quantum principal component analysis |journal=Nature Physics |volume=10 |pages=631–633 |year=2014 |issue=9 |doi=10.1038/nphys3029 |arxiv=1307.0401|bibcode=2014NatPh..10..631L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Quantum Support Vector Machine for Big Data Classification |first1=Patrick |last1=Rebentrost |first2=Masoud |last2=Mohseni |first3=Seth |last3=Lloyd |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=113 |pages=130503 |year=2014 |issue=13 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.130503 |pmid=25302877 |arxiv=1307.0471|bibcode=2014PhRvL.113m0503R |s2cid=5503025 }}</ref> or research on the possible relevance of quantum effects in biological phenomena, especially [[photosynthesis]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Environment-assisted quantum walks in photosynthetic energy transfer |first1=Masoud |last1=Mohseni |first2=Patrick |last2=Rebentrost |first3=Seth |last3=Lloyd |first4=Alán |last4=Aspuru-Guzik |journal=J. Chem. Phys. |volume=129 |pages=174106 |year=2008 |issue=17 |doi=10.1063/1.3002335 |pmid=19045332 |arxiv=0805.2741|bibcode=2008JChPh.129q4106M |s2cid=938902 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lloyd |first=Seth |date=2011|title=Quantum coherence in biological systems|journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |language=en |volume=302 |issue=1 |pages=012037 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/302/1/012037|issn=1742-6596|bibcode=2011JPhCS.302a2037L|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Lloyd2014">{{cite speech
 |title = Optimal Energy Transport in Photosynthesis
 |first = Seth
 |last = Lloyd
 |author-link = Seth Lloyd
 |event = From Atomic to Mesoscale: The Role of Quantum Coherence in Systems of Various Complexities
 |location = Institute for Theoretical, Atomic and Molecular and Optical Physics, [[Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics|Center for Astrophysics {{!}} Harvard & Smithsonian]], Cambridge, Massachusetts
 |date = 2014-03-10
 |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YC28RzLeuFc
 |access-date = 2019-09-30
}}</ref> an effect he has also collaborated to exploit technologically.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/216358-mit-develops-enhanced-energy-transport-using-quantum-physics-and-genetic-engineering|last=Hewitt|first=John|title= MIT team genetically engineers a quantum virus for efficient energy transport| date=2015-10-16|website=extremetech.com}}</ref>

According to [[Clarivate]] he had in July 2023 in total 199 peer-reviewed publications which were cited more than 22,600 times leading to an [[H-index|h index]] of 61.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/citation-report/38a2ae94-0e7b-462f-b873-1d2484ddf999-9912a935 |title=citation report Seth Lloyd |work=webofscience.com |access-date=2023-07-20}}</ref>