Editing Seven virtues (section)

==Seven heavenly virtues==
===Cardinal virtues===
{{Main|Cardinal virtues}}

The term "cardinal virtues" ({{lang|la|virtutes cardinales}}) was first used by the 4th-century theologian [[Ambrose]],<ref name=Bejczy>{{cite book|last1=Bejczy |first1=István P. |title=The Cardinal Virtues in the Middle Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgPRu0CJ_sQC |date=2011 |publisher=Brill |location=Boston |isbn=978-9004210141|page=12}}</ref> who defined the four virtues as "temperance, justice, prudence, and fortitude".<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Just |editor-first=Arthur A. |title=Luke |series=Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh6sFDUfq8cC&pg=PA104 |date=2003 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-0-8308-1488-6 |page=104}}</ref> These were also named as cardinal virtues by [[Augustine of Hippo]], and were subsequently adopted by the [[Catholic Church]]. They are described as "human virtues" in the Catholic ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church|Catechism]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church 3.1.1.7 |publisher=St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church|edition=2nd}}</ref>

Prior to Ambrose, these four qualities were identified by the Greek philosopher [[Plato]] as the necessary character traits of a good man, and were discussed by other ancient authors such as [[Cicero]]. They can also be found in the Old Testament [[Book of Wisdom]], which states that wisdom "teaches moderation and prudence, righteousness and fortitude, and nothing in life is more useful than these."<ref>{{Bibleverse|Wisdom of Solomon|8:7}}</ref>

===Theological virtues===
{{Main|Theological virtues}}

The theological virtues are those named by [[Paul the Apostle|St. Paul]] in [[1 Corinthians 13]]: "And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love."<ref>{{Bibleverse|1 Corinthians|13:13}}</ref> The third virtue is also commonly referred to as "charity", as this is how the influential [[King James Bible]] translated the Greek word {{transliteration|grc|[[agape]]}}.

The traditional understanding of the difference between cardinal and theological virtues is that the latter are not fully accessible to humans in their natural state without assistance from God.<ref name=Waldron>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Virtue |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |publisher=Robert Appleton Company |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15472a.htm|last=Waldron|first=Martin Augustine |year=1912}}</ref> [[Thomas Aquinas]] believed that while the cardinal virtues could be formed through habitual practice, the theological virtues could only be practised by divine grace.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marbaniang |first1=Domenic |title=Theology and Ethics: An Introduction |journal=Revive |date=May 2019 |volume=12 |issue=5 |page=6}}</ref>