Editing Sha'ab, Israel (section)

==History== 
French scholar [[Victor Guérin]] associated Sha'ab with ''Saab'', a place mentioned by 1st-century Jewish historian [[Josephus]].<ref>Josephus, [https://archive.org/stream/completeworksofj04jose#page/34/mode/2up/search/saab III, § 21], cited in Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n447/mode/2up 434-435], cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 275</ref><ref>TIR, p. 218, cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref> The ''[[Midrash Rabba]]'' ([[Leviticus Rabba]] s. 20,9) mentions a certain Rabbi Mani of Sha'ab, together with Yehoshua of Sakhnin and Rabbi [[Johanan bar Nappaha]]. In the 14th century, the tax income from the village was given to the [[wakf]] of the [[madrasah]] and [[mausoleum]] of the [[Shafi'i]] Manjaq in [[Egypt]].<ref>MPF, 71, No. 53. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref>

===Ottoman era===
In 1517, Sha'ab was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] along with the rest of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. In 1573 (981 [[Hijri year|AH]]) Sha'ab was one of several villages in [[Galilee]] which rebelled against the Ottomans.<ref>Heyd, 1960, p. 84-85. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref> In 1596, the village appeared in Ottoman [[Defter|tax registers]] as being in the ''[[Nahiya]]'' of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], part of [[Safad Sanjak]],  with a population of 102 households and 37 bachelors, all [[Muslim]]s. The villagers  paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3%  on wheat, barley, fruit trees, "goats and bees", in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 14,354 [[akçe]]. 3/4 of the revenue went to a [[Waqf]].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 193</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] writes that  the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9.</ref>

According to local tradition, the village started to flourish under anti-Ottoman rebel [[Zahir al-Umar]] (c. 1768).<ref name=Petersen275>Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 275]</ref> In 1859, the population was estimated to be 1,500. Some were [[Roman Catholicism in Israel|Catholic]], the majority Muslim. The cultivated fields were estimated to be 80 [[feddan]]s.<ref name=CondorKitch271>Conder and  Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/271/mode/1up 271]</ref> Guérin visited in the 1870s, and wrote that the village of Sh'aib consisted of four quarters. The inhabitants, he wrote, were for the most part Muslim, about 800, and some 20 "[[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|Schismatic Greek]]" families. The Muslims had two Mosques and two [[wali]]s.<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n447/mode/2up 434-435]</ref><ref>Conder & Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/339/mode/1up 339]</ref> In 1881, Sha'ab was described as being in a valley with fine olive groves, while part of the hill behind it was cultivated in corn.<ref name=CondorKitch271/>

A population list from about 1887 showed that Sha'ab had about 1,430  inhabitants; 1,345 Muslims and 85 Greek Catholics.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n200/mode/1up 175]</ref>

===British Mandate era===
In the  [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Sha'ab had a population of 1,206; 1,166 Muslims and 40 Christians,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n39/mode/1up   37]</ref> where the Christians were 15 Orthodox and 25 [[Melkite]]s.<ref>Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.[https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n52/mode/1up 50]</ref> The population increased slightly in the  [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 1,297;  1,277 Muslims, 19 Christians and 1 Jew, in a total of 284  houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 102]</ref>

[[File:Sha'ab being demolished, 1936.jpg|thumb|right|The demolition of houses in Sha'ab by [[Mandatory Palestine|British]] forces during the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936–1939 revolt]], 1936]]

During the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936 revolt]] in Palestine, the British Army attacked Sha'ab, demolishing 190 houses in the village. According to an eyewitness account, the British collectively punished the village for harboring a rebel who allegedly set off a roadside explosive that killed four British soldiers and injured three. A day prior to the demolition of the homes, the army rounded up around 200 of its adult male residents and led them to a valley outside the village. As they were being lined up, a rebel fighter positioned on a nearby hill began yelling and firing into the air, confusing the soldiers and causing Sha'ab's detained men to disperse chaotically. One resident named Hassan Hajj Khatib was killed.<ref>Ghandour, 2009, p. 12.</ref>

In the  [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]], Sha'ab had 1,740 inhabitants; 30 Christians and 1,710 Muslims.<ref name=DoS1945>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p04.jpg 4]</ref>  They owned a total of 17,870 [[dunam]]s of land, while 121 dunams were public.<ref name=Hadawi41>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in  Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg  41]</ref> 3,248 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 6,602 dunams for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81]</ref> while 231 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131]</ref>

===State of Israel===
Sha'ab was captured by the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israel Forces]] (IDF) on 19 July 1948 during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. The villagers surrendered without a fight.<ref>Morris 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA423  423]</ref> In December 1948, the residents were ordered to leave by the  [[Oded Brigade]].<ref>Morris 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA514  514]</ref> The village was the headquarters and hometown of Abu Is'af, who led Arab resistance groups during the war and was viewed as a hero.<ref>Cohen, 2010, p. 100.</ref> Many of the original residents settled in nearby Arab villages, predominantly in [[Majd al-Krum]] and [[Sakhnin]] while refugees from  [[al-Birwa]], [[al-Damun]] and [[Mi'ar]] relocated to  Sha'ab after the war. Refugees from [[Kirad al-Ghannam]] and [[Kirad al-Baqqara]] in the [[Hula Valley]] joined them in 1953. The original residents  launched a campaign to return to their homes soon after the war. <ref>Cohen, 2010, p. 101</ref> Refugees from the Hula Valley and al-Birwa sympathized with them but those from  al-Damun and Mi'ar were opposed. By 1950, roughly 10% of Sha'ab's original inhabitants returned to the village and eventually many more obtained permission to return.<ref>Cohen, 2010, pp. 102-103</ref>