Editing Shamarpa (section)

==The Shamarpa lineage==

Shamarpa considered to be successive reincarnations are listed in  "The Garland of Moon Water Crystal"  by the 8th [[Tai Situpa]] Chökyi Jungne and Belo Tsewang Künkhyab.<ref>
{{cite web
 |last        = Khenpo Chodrag Tenpel
 |title       = A brief account of the successive Shamarpa reincarnations
 |url         = http://www.vienna-dharma-projects.org/English/VDF/Portraits/shamarpahistory.htm
 |access-date  = 2008-05-23
 |url-status     = usurped
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080517141141/http://www.vienna-dharma-projects.org/English/VDF/Portraits/shamarpahistory.htm
 |archive-date = 2008-05-17
}}
</ref>

[[File:Sharmapa Lama, Chodag Yeshe Palzang, the 4th Shamar Rinpoche (1453-1554) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Chodag Yeshe Palzang, the 4th Shamar Rinpoche, 16th-century painting from the [[Rubin Museum of Art]] ]]
[[File:Sixth Shamar Mipam Chokyi Wangchug (1584-1630) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Mipam Chokyi Wangchug (1584–1630), the 6th Shamar Rinpoche, 16th-century painting from the [[Rubin Museum of Art]] ]]

# [[Khedrup Drakpa Senge]] (1284–1349) was the principal disciple of the [[Rangjung Dorje|3rd Karmapa]]. The Good Kalpa Sutra predicted that, "in the future, a maha-bodhisattva with a ruby-red crown shall come to the suffering multitude, leading them out of their cyclic bewilderment and misery." It is a common belief among Karma Kagyus that Buddha Shakyamuni’s prediction was fulfilled in the appearance of the Shamarpa, whose ruby red crown was presented by the 3rd Karmapa to the first Shamarpa, Khedrup Drakpa Senge. In addition the 2nd Karmapa, Karma Pakshi, predicted that "future Karmapas shall manifest in two Nirmanakaya forms." The ruby-red crown is an exact replica of Karmapa’s black crown (apart from the color). In this manner it was meant to symbolize the identicalness of the Shamarpas and the Karmapas. The first Shamarpa spent the last 20 years of his life in retreat at Tsurphu and Nenang Monasteries teaching students dedicated to attaining enlightenment.<ref>Yeshe Dronma: The Kunzig Shamarpas of Tibet 1992, P. 11-13.</ref>
# [[Shamar Khachö Wangpo]] (1350–1405) was recognized by the [[Rölpe'i Dorje|4th Karmapa]].<ref>[http://www.shamarpa.org/sham-lineage/02.htm The 2nd Shamarpa Shamar Khachö Wangpo 1350-1405] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908040542/http://www.shamarpa.org/sham-lineage/02.htm |date=2008-09-08 }}</ref> Having been the student and main lineage holder of the Fourth Karmapa, he passed on the esoteric instructions of the Karma Kagyu tradition to the 5th Karmapa. His Collected Works comprise seven volumes in which he covers a broad range of subjects of the philosophical and meditative training as transmitted in the Kagyu tradition. Just half of these works have survived until today<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Draszczyk |first1=Martina |date=April 2018 |title=Direct Introductions into the Three Embodiments, Supreme Key-Instructions of the Dwags po Bka’ brgyud Tradition |url= https://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/ret/index.php?selection=19 |journal=Revue d'Études Tibétaines |volume=45 |pages=145 |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref>
# [[Shamar Chöpal Yeshe]] (1406–1452). Chöpal Yeshe is renowned for having constructed several monasteries and retreat-centers. He was also able to abolish the practice of animal sacrifice in the regions of Tibet where that custom had continued as a part of animist rituals.<ref>{{cite book |last= Kunsang |first=Lama |date=2012 |title=The odyssey of the Tibetan Masters with the Black Crown |location=Ithaca, New York |publisher= Snow Lion Publications |page= 97 |isbn=978-1-55939-390-4}}</ref> The 3rd Shamarpa was given the Kagyu transmission<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.karmapa.org/karma-kagyu/lives/5th-karmapa-deshin-shegpa/ |title=The 5th Karmapa |website=Karmapa.org |publisher=The Office of Thaye Dorje, His Holiness the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa |access-date=August 22, 2022 |quote=He found the next Shamar reincarnation, Chopal Yeshe, arranged his ordination, and gave him the Kagyu transmission.}}</ref> and full authorization to teach by the 5th Karmapa. The Yongle Emperor of China, who was also a student of the 5th Karmapa, was intrigued by Shamarpa’s ability to recall past lives in vivid detail. Out of devotion, he gave precious gifts to the Shamarpa. In a letter of thanks Shamarpa reminded the emperor of the basic principle of benevolence in Buddhism, that he might be ever mindful of the well-being of his people.<ref>Yeshe Dronma: The Kunzig Shamarpas of Tibet 1992, P. 23.</ref> The third Shamarpa also enthroned the sixth Karmapa and gave him his first traditional teachings.<ref>{{cite book |last= Kunsang |first=Lama |date=2012 |title=The odyssey of the Tibetan Masters with the Black Crown |location=Ithaca, New York |publisher= Snow Lion Publications |page= 101 |isbn=978-1-55939-390-4}}</ref>
# [[Shamar Chokyi Drakpa Yeshe Pal Zangpo]] (1453–1526) was recognized by the [[Chödrak Gyamtso|7th Karmapa]], who became his Lama.  The famous Tibetan monastery Ga Mamo Tashi Rabten was founded by him. He also established many smaller monasteries. During his travels outside Tibet, Chökyi Tragpa built many monasteries, among others there are four monasteries in [[Bhutan]] and he was the first of the Shamar reincarnates to visit [[Nepal]] where he built a small monastery in [[Swayambhunath]], one of the country's most sacred places. Upon returning to his {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20030209221710/http://www.bodhipath-west.org/ home-land]}}, he acted as the king of Tibet for a period of twelve years and he ruled the country on the basis of strict adherence to Buddhist principles.
# [[Shamar Köncho Yenlak]] (1526–1583) was identified by the 8th Karmapa at the age of 2<ref name=":0">Yeshe Dronma: The Kunzig Shamarpas of Tibet 1992, P. 29.</ref> and became one of his most outstanding students.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thinley |first=Karma |author-link=Karma Thinley Rinpoche |date=1980 |title=The History of the Sixteen Karmapas of Tibet |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Shambala Publications |page=95 |isbn=1-57062-644-8}}</ref> Shamarpa stayed with the Karmapa until the age of twelve, receiving the Six Yogas of Naropa, Mahamudra, and other teachings of the Kagyu lineage.<ref name=":0" /> The 8th Karmapa entrusted the 5th Shamarpa with the letters containing the prediction of his next rebirth. The 5th Shamarpa also recognized and became the Lama of the 9th Karmapa, giving him refuge and the Bodhisattva promise, ordination, as well as transmissions on various texts and meditations—including the texts and tantric meditations of the Kagyu lineage.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thinley |first=Karma |author-link=Karma Thinley Rinpoche |date=1980 |title=The History of the Sixteen Karmapas of Tibet |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Shambala Publications, Inc. |pages=97-98 |isbn=1-57062-644-8}}</ref>
# [[Shamar Mipan Chökyi Wangchuk]] (1584–1629) was recognized by the 9th Karmapa who was his main Lama. cf https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P1432
# [[Shamar Yeshe Nyinpo]] (1631–1694) was recognized by the [[Chöying Dorje|10th Karmapa]], and he became the Karmapa's disciple.
# [[Palchen Chökyi Döndrup]] (1695–1732) was born in [[Yilmo]], [[Nepal]] and was taken to Tibet at age 7. He  received teachings and instructions from the 11th Karmapa before his death. The Shamarpa in turn, recognized and enthroned [[Changchub Dorje|12th Karmapa]] as the 12th Karmapa and acted as his Root-guru.<ref name=shamar-reinc/>
# [[Könchog Geway Jungnay]] (1733–1741) was born in [[Paro, Bhutan|Paro]] in  [[Bhutan]], and was discovered by the [[Dudul Dorje|13th Karmapa]], but lived only until age nine {{Citation needed|date=June 2014}}
# [[Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso]] (1742–1793) was the stepbrother of the 6th [[Panchen Lama]], [[Lobsang Palden Yeshe]] (1738–1780). He was taught primarily by the eight Tai Situ Rinpoche, and also recognized the ninth Tai Situ Rinpoche. Shamar Tulku spent many years reviving the Dharma in Tibet.<ref name=Black-Hat-Lama-10th-Shamarpa>{{cite book |last1=Douglas |first1=Nik |last2=White |first2=Meryl |date=1976 |title=Karmapa: The Black Hat Lama of Tibet |location=London |publisher=Luzac&Company}}</ref> In particular, Shamar Tulku attempted to bring the Kagyu teachings to central Tibet, which was a stronghold of Gelugpa-allied political elements at the time, with the help of his brother the 6th Panchen Lama of the Gelugpa lineage.<ref name=RR-10th-Shamarpa>{{cite book |title=Rogues in Robes: The Karmapa Intrigue in Tibetan Buddhism: An Inside Chronicle |first=Tomek |last=Lehnert |year=2019 |page=12 |isbn=978-1072495475}}</ref> After carrying out this activity Shamarpa went on pilgrimage to Nepal. According to some sources, a dispute over his claim to his stepbrother's material inheritance led to an armed conflict in which the Shamarpa conspired with the Nepalese [[Gurkha]] army in 1788.<ref>Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin. 1968. ''Tibet: Its History, Religion and People''. Reprint: Penguin Books, 1987, p. 272.</ref><ref>Stein, R. A. (1972) ''Tibetan Civilization'', p. 88. Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|0-8047-0806-1}} (cloth); {{ISBN|0-8047-0901-7}} (pbk)</ref> According to other sources, while Shamarpa was on a pilgrimage to Nepal, fighting broke out between the Nepalese Gurkhas and Tibet. Shamarpa attempted to make peace and mediate in the conflict. In Tibet the influential Gelugpa minister Tagtsag Tenpai Gonpo saw an opportunity to remove a perceived political threat and acquire property. He spread rumors that Shamarpa was instigating the fighting and seized Yang Chen monastery from Shamarpa. The monks were forcibly converted to the Gelug school. Subsequently an order was passed by the government that all of Shamarpa’s monasteries must convert to the Gelug school.<ref name=Black-Hat-Lama-10th-Shamarpa/><ref name=RR-10th-Shamarpa/> This, and other disputes between the [[Gelug]] and Kagyu schools led to the exile from Tibet of the Shamarpa and a legal ban by the Tibetan government on further Shamarpa incarnations<ref name=shamar-reinc /> This ban remained in place until after the Dalai Lama lost power in Tibet during the 1950s, although it was later revealed that the [[Karmapa]] had recognized reincarnations of the Shamarpa secretly during the intervening period.<ref>Douglas Nik, White Meryl : Karmapa, the Black Hat Lama of Tibet. London,  Luzac & Company Ltd., 1976. P. 151.,</ref>
# Unknown, presumed forced into hiding by the Tibetan government.
# [[Tugsay Jamyang]] (1895–1947) was the son of the [[Khakyab Dorje|15th Karmapa]]. However, it is recorded that he taught and practiced Buddhism as a layman.<ref name=shamar-reinc>{{cite web
  | title = The Shamarpa Reincarnations
  | url = http://www.kagyu-asia.com/l_shamarpas.html
  | access-date = 2008-05-24
  | archive-date = 2008-05-09
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509074719/http://www.kagyu-asia.com/l_shamarpas.html
  | url-status = usurped
  }}</ref>
# [[Tinlay Kunchap]] (1948–1950), an infant who survived only a little over a  year
# [[Mipham Chokyi Lodro]] (1952–2014) was born in Derge, Tibet and at the age of four he was recognized by the [[Rangjung Rigpe Dorje|16th Karmapa]]. He died on 11 June 2014 in Germany.