Editing Sharpbill (section)

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Oxyruncus'' was erected by the Dutch zoologist [[Coenraad Jacob Temminck]] in 1820.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Temminck | first=Coenraad Jacob | author-link=Coenraad Jacob Temminck | title=Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe | volume=Part 1 | edition=2nd | language=French | place=Paris | publisher=H. Cousin | page=80 (LXXX) | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41001529 }}</ref> The sharpbill was [[Species description|described]] in 1821 by the English naturalist [[William Swainson]] under the [[binomial name]] ''Oxyrhuncus cristatus'' with an "h" inserted into the name of the genus.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Swainson | first=William | author-link=William Swainson | year=1821 | title=Zoological illustrations, or, Original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals | volume=1 | place=London  | publisher=Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy; and W. Wood | at=Plate 49 text | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29156672 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Traylor | editor-first=Melvin A. Jr  | year=1979 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=8 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology  | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | pages=308–309 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14501085 }}</ref> The word ''Oxyruncus'' is from the Ancient Greek ''oxus'' for "sharp" or "pointed" and ''rhunkhos'' "bill". The specific epithet is from the Latin ''cristatus'' for "crested" or "plumed".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n121 121], 287 }}</ref>

The affinities of the sharpbill to other species has long puzzled ornithologists,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Sibley | first1=C.G. | last2=Lanyon | first2=S.M. | last3=Ahlquist | first3=J.E. | date=1984 | title=The relationships of the Sharpbill (''Oxyruncus cristatus'') | journal=The Condor | volume=86 | issue=1 | pages=48-52 | doi=10.2307/1367344 | jstor=1367344 | url=https://sora.unm.edu/node/103416 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> and this was only settled by the publication of large multilocus DNA sequencing studies.<ref name=oliveros>{{ cite journal | last1=Oliveros | first1=C.H. | display-authors=etal | year=2019 | title=Earth history and the passerine superradiation | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States | volume=116 | issue=16 | pages=7916-7925 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1813206116 | doi-access=free | hdl=1808/30907 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=harvey>{{Cite journal | last1=Harvey | first1=M.G. | display-authors=etal | date=2020 | title=The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot | journal=Science | volume=370 | issue=6522 | pages=1343-1348 | doi=10.1126/science.aaz6970 }} A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website [http://www.harveybirdlab.org/docs/Harveyetal2020_Fig1_tree_HiRes.pdf here].</ref> The cladogram below shows the phylogenetic relationships of the sharpbill to other families in the [[parvorder]] Tyrannida. It is based on the study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019 and the study by Michael Harvey and collaborators that was published in 2020.<ref name=oliveros/><ref name=harvey/> The families and species numbers are from the list maintained by the [[International Ornithologists' Union]] (IOC).<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=February 2025 | title=Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards | work=IOC World Bird List Version 15.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cotingas/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=13 March 2025 }}</ref>
{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1=Tyrannida
|1={{clade
   |label1=[[Tityridae]]
   |1=becards & allies (37 species in 7 genera)
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |label1=[[Oxyruncidae]]
         |1=''[[Oxyruncus]]'' – '''sharpbill'''
         |label2=[[Onychorhynchidae]]
         |2=royal flycatchers and allies (7 species in 3 genera)
         }}
      |label2=[[Tyrannidae]]
      |2=tyrant flycatchers (447 species in 106 genera)
      }}
   }}
}}

Four [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=February 2025 | title=Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards | work=IOC World Bird List Version 15.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cotingas/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=13 March 2025 }}</ref>
* ''Oxyruncus cristatus frater'' ([[Philip Sclater|Sclater, PL]] & [[Osbert Salvin|Salvin]], 1868) – Costa Rica and west Panama
* ''Oxyruncus cristatus brooksi'' [[Outram Bangs|Bangs]] & [[Thomas Barbour|Barbour]], 1922 – east Panama
* ''Oxyruncus cristatus hypoglaucus'' (Salvin & [[Frederick DuCane Godman|Godman]], 1883) – southeast Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil
* ''Oxyruncus cristatus cristatus'' Swainson, 1821 – southeast Brazil, east Paraguay and northeast Argentina