Editing Shocked quartz (section)

==Discovery==
Shocked quartz was discovered following [[underground nuclear weapons testing]], which generated the intense pressures required to alter the quartz lattice. [[Eugene Shoemaker]] showed that shocked quartz is also found inside [[Impact crater|craters]] created by [[Meteoroid|meteor]] impact, such as the [[Barringer Crater]] and [[Chicxulub crater]].<ref>{{cite report |author=Eugene Merle Shoemaker|author-link=Eugene Merle Shoemaker|title=Impact mechanics at Meteor crater, Arizona |website=US Geological Survey |doi=10.3133/ofr59108 |doi-access=free |date=1959}}</ref> The presence of shocked quartz supports that such craters were formed by impact, because a volcanic eruption would not generate the required pressure.<ref>{{cite conference|last1=de Silva|first1=SL|last2=Sharpton|first2=VL|title = Explosive Volcanism, Shock Metamorphism and the K-T Boundary|conference = Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality|year = 1988|series = LPI Contributions|volume = 673|page = 38|bibcode=1988LPICo.673...38D}}</ref>

Lightning is now known to contribute to the surface record of shocked quartz grains, complicating identification of [[hypervelocity impact]] features.<ref name="ammin.geoscienceworld.org">{{cite journal|url=http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/content/100/7/1645.abstract |title=Lightning-induced shock lamellae in quartz |publisher=Ammin.geoscienceworld.org |date=2015-07-01 |doi=10.2138/am-2015-5218 |access-date=2018-08-07|last1=Gieré |first1=Reto |last2=Wimmenauer |first2=Wolfhard |last3=Müller-Sigmund |first3=Hiltrud |last4=Wirth |first4=Richard |last5=Lumpkin |first5=Gregory R. |last6=Smith |first6=Katherine L. |journal=American Mineralogist |volume=100 |issue=7 |pages=1645–1648 |bibcode=2015AmMin.100.1645G |s2cid=130973907 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>