Editing Simon Raven (section)

==Biography==

===Birth, family and education===
Born on 28 December 1927 in [[London]],<ref>The place of his birth is not recorded; according to his biographer Michael Barber, it was in a private Welbeck Street nursing home. See "The Captain" p19</ref> he was the eldest of three children. His father, Arthur Raven, had inherited a fortune from the family's hosiery business, and lived a life of leisure.<ref name="Brooke Allen article"/> His mother Esther, née Christmas, a baker's daughter, was a distance and [[cross-country running|cross-country]] athlete who represented England against France in March 1932.<ref>She became the second-fastest woman in England over 3 miles during the 1930s, with a time of 20'18", succeeding her younger sister Ruth</ref> He was educated first at Cordwalles preparatory school near [[Camberley]], [[Surrey]], then as a scholarship pupil at [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], whence he was expelled in 1945 for homosexual activities.<ref>Michael Barber, ''The Captain''. It is said that the stress of expelling Raven turned headmaster [[Robert Birley]]'s hair grey</ref> Amongst his school contemporaries were [[James Prior]], [[William Rees-Mogg]], [[Oliver Popplewell]] and [[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]]. After completing national service he entered [[King's College, Cambridge]], in 1948, to read classics.

Although he possessed a first-class intelligence, this was not matched by his application, and his university career was punctuated by regular crises over money, misbehaviour and an apparent inability – or, more likely, unwillingness – to connect actions with their consequences. His intelligence garnered him only an upper second, a degree which would not normally have gained him a studentship to read for a doctorate. That it did so may be attributed, essentially, to his personal charm, which gained him credit with the Fellows responsible for awarding scholarships. He was awarded a studentship (graduate fellowship) to study the influence of the classics in Victorian schooling, but this soon gave way to pleasure-seeking and his thesis was never seriously addressed.<ref>Martin, NY Times; Brooke Allen article</ref> In 1951, he married Susan Kilner, a graduate from [[Newnham College, Cambridge|Newnham]] who was expecting his child; the marriage was from duty, as he made clear, and afterwards, he studiously avoided her.<ref>Barber, Guardian obit</ref> A son, Adam, was born in 1952. (The couple divorced in 1957.) Raven, his scholarship funds exhausted, withdrew from King's,<ref>Hughes obituary says he was sent down for "terminal lassitude".</ref> and attempted to earn a living as a writer, gaining a small income as book reviewer for ''[[The Listener (magazine)|The Listener]]''. He also wrote a novel, which proved unpublishable because of its libellous nature, and only emerged almost 30 years later as ''An Inch of Fortune''. Seeking a firmer livelihood, Raven decided to rejoin the [[British Army]].

===Army===
During his earlier [[Conscription in the United Kingdom#After 1945|National Service]], Raven had briefly served as an officer cadet in the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]], and in 1947 was on a posting in [[British India|India]], during the final months of British rule there. He was subsequently commissioned into the [[Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry]], before being seconded to the [[6th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery#Postwar|77th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment]], [[Royal Artillery]] at [[Rollestone]] Balloon Camp in [[Wiltshire]], where he saw out his service.<ref>''The Captain'', p93</ref> In 1953, after university, he secured a regular commission with the [[The King's Shropshire Light Infantry|King's Shropshire Light Infantry]] (KSLI), serving in [[West Germany]] and [[Kenya]], before receiving a home posting to [[Shrewsbury]]. It was during this period, when he was still married to Susan, that he sent his notorious telegram to her in response to her telegraphic plea for money: "Sorry no money, suggest eat baby". Such a callous response suggests that he cared nothing for his wife and child, although in fact he diligently provided for Adam's education and welfare. During his Shrewsbury posting he gambled heavily at local race meetings, and he was soon in severe financial straits following a "disastrous sequence of slow horses". Faced with the prospect of a court-martial for "conduct unbecoming" he was allowed to resign quietly, to avoid scandal in the regiment.<ref>Barber, Guardian obit; Hughes, Independent obit</ref> This episode he later described with candour in ''Shadows on the Grass''.

===Writing career===
At almost 30 years of age he had no career or prospects, but from his studies of the classics he had developed a lucid writing style, derived, as he said, from the Army's admirable instruction to be "brief, neat and plain". This, allied to his ready and disrespectful wit, was allowing him to survive precariously in journalism when, in 1958, he was employed by publisher [[Anthony Blond]]: "I had picked him up through [[Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton|Hugh Thomas]] who was editing a symposium for me, called ''The Establishment''. Simon was billed to do the piece on the Army". Blond financed him while he wrote his first published novel, ''The Feathers of Death'' (1959). Blond was impressed enough to offer him a contract to continue writing for him, on condition he lived away from London, and paid off Raven's debts. "This is the last hand-out you get", he was told. "Leave London, or leave my employ". He moved to lodgings in [[Deal, Kent]], and was paid (reportedly) a £15 wage by Blond.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080307192358/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/03/01/db0101.xml Obituary] of Anthony Blond, ''Daily Telegraph'', 1 March 2008. Retrieved on 4 March 2008.</ref> As a consequence of this arrangement, during the remainder of his working life, Raven became one of Britain's most prolific writers in a range of genres including fiction, essays, personal reminiscences, polemics, theatre, screenplays and magazine journalism. He was at various times compared with [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Graham Greene]], [[Anthony Powell]] and [[Lawrence Durrell]], but his voice was his own: "Raven came nearer than other novelists to exposing, in the grandeur of its squalor and the dubiety of its standards, the times he lived in and saw through".<ref>Hughes, Independent obit</ref> His own view of his craft was less exalted; in the words of his writer-character Fielding Gray in the novel ''Places Where They Sing'' (1970): "I arrange words in pleasing patterns in order to make money".<ref>Quoted by Martin, NY Times obit</ref>

He had a fascination for the supernatural, first manifested in his early novel ''Doctors Wear Scarlet'', which features Balkan [[vampires]] (though they are practitioners of vampirism as a sexual deviation rather than an actual supernatural manifestation) and was cited by [[Karl Edward Wagner]] as one of the thirteen best supernatural novels.<ref>N G Christakos: "Three by Thirteen: The Karl Edward Wagner Lists" in ''Black Prometheus: A Critical Study of Karl Edward Wagner'' ed. Benjamin Szumskyj, Gothic Press, 2007</ref> The Gothic themes became stronger in later works such as ''The Roses of Picardie'', ''September Castle'', parts of the ''First-Born of Egypt'' sequence,<ref>Howard Watson observes, in his article ''The Gothic World of Simon Raven'' (Dark Horizon, 2001) that by the seventh and final book of the "First-Born" sequence, the "extraordinary and absurd had become a regular, feature of the author's oeuvre</ref> and the 1994 novella ''The Islands of Sorrow''.

Although he acquired an enthusiastic and loyal following, he was never a top-seller in terms of the mass market. Quoted by Brooke Allen: "I've always written for a small audience of people like myself, who are well-educated, worldly, sceptical and snobbish (meaning that they rank good taste over bad)".

His ten-novel sequence ''Alms for Oblivion'' is usually regarded as his best achievement – [[A. N. Wilson]] thought it "the jolliest [[roman-fleuve]]"<ref>Wilson is quoted from Hughes, The Independent</ref> – though it is likely that he gained wider public recognition for his TV work, especially the adaptation of ''[[The Pallisers]]'' (1974) and ''[[Edward & Mrs. Simpson]]'' (1978). As he grew older his rate of output lessened, and there was deterioration in its quality,<ref name="Brooke Allen article"/> but he was still being published in the late 1990s, his last book being ''Remember Your Grammar and Other Haunted Stories'' (1997), a collection of ghost and supernatural short stories.

Raven's book of anecdotes and reminiscences, ''Is there anybody there? said the Traveller'' (Frederick Muller 1990) was withdrawn after a series of libel action threats, including a writ from Anthony Blond.<ref>Blond,in a postscript to Hughes's Independent obit, says he was awarded £3000</ref> Thereafter he planned, or at least threatened, to write a new work ''All Safely Dead'', in which, safe from the [[Libel law in Britain|laws of libel]], he could "expose" various deceased luminaries from the British social, academic, political and literary scenes, but the book was never written.<ref>Hughes, The Independent</ref>

===Later life===
Throughout his life, Raven pursued a hedonistic lifestyle which included eating, drinking, travel, cricket, gambling and socialising. He spent what he earned, and after 34 years in Kent at Blond's behest he finally moved to London on securing lodgings in the [[London Charterhouse]], the almshouse historically associated with Charterhouse School. Here he led a quieter version of his former life. In 1993, he was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Literature]].  A biography of Raven, ''The Captain'', written by [[Michael Barber (biographer)|Michael Barber]], was published in 1996. In 1997, he appeared with [[Melvyn Bragg]] in a ''[[The South Bank Show|South Bank Show]]'' devoted to his career, in good spirits and without regrets. His health continued to fail, however, and after a series of strokes<ref>On cause of death, Martin says this was "not announced", but both Barber and Hughes refer to strokes</ref> he died in London on 12 May 2001, aged 73.