Editing Sioux language (section)

==Regional variation==
[[File:Houghton 1273.51 - Dictionary of Sioux Language, p. 3.jpg|thumb|Page from ''Dictionary of the Sioux Language'', 1866]]
Sioux has three major regional [[Variety (linguistics)|varieties]], with other sub-varieties:

# '''[[Lakota language|Lakota]]''' ({{a.k.a.}} Lakȟóta, Teton, Teton Sioux)
# '''[[Dakota language|Western Dakota]]''' (a.k.a. Yankton-Yanktonai or Dakȟóta, and erroneously classified, for a very long time, as "[[Nakota]]"<ref>for a report on the long-established error of the Yankton and the Yanktonai as "Nakota", see the article [[Nakota]]</ref>)
#* Yankton (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ)
#* Yanktonai (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna)
# '''[[Dakota language|Eastern Dakota]]''' (a.k.a. Santee-Sisseton or Dakhóta)
#* Santee (Isáŋyáthi: Bdewákhathuŋwaŋ, Waȟpékhute)
#* Sisseton (Sisíthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ)

Yankton-Yanktonai (Western Dakota) stands between Santee-Sisseton (Eastern Dakota) and Lakota within the dialect continuum. It is phonetically closer to Santee-Sisseton but lexically and grammatically, it is much closer to Lakota. For this reason Lakota and Western Dakota are much more mutually intelligible than each is with Eastern Dakota. The assumed extent of mutual intelligibility is usually overestimated by speakers of the language. While Lakota and Yankton-Yanktonai speakers understand each other to a great extent, they each find it difficult to follow  Santee-Sisseton speakers.

Closely related to the Sioux language are the [[Assiniboine language|Assiniboine]] and [[Stoney language|Stoney]] languages, whose speakers use the self-designation term (autonym) {{lang|asb|Nakhóta}} or {{lang|sto|Nakhóda}}.

===Comparison of Sioux and Nakota languages and dialects===

====Phonetic differences====

The following table shows some of the main phonetic differences between the regional varieties of the Sioux language. The table also provides comparison with the two closely related Nakota languages (Assiniboine and Stoney).<ref name="PD">{{Cite journal|last1=Parks|first1=Douglas R.|last2=DeMallie|first2=Raymond J.|date=1992|title=Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: A Classification|jstor=30028376|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=34|issue=1–4|pages=233–255}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" colspan="5" width="90"|[[Sioux]]
! colspan="2" width="90" align="center" |[[Nakota]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" width="90" align="center" |gloss
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" width="90" align="center" |[[Lakota language|Lakota]]
! align="center" colspan="2" width="180"|Western Dakota
! align="center" colspan="2" width="180"|Eastern Dakota
! rowspan="2" |[[Assiniboine language|Assiniboine]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Stoney language|Stoney]]
|-
! align="center"|Yanktonai
! align="center"|Yankton
! align="center"|Sisseton
! align="center"|Santee
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|Lakȟóta}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|Dakȟóta}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|Dakhóta}}
| align="center"|{{lang|asb|Nakhóta}}
| align="center"|{{lang|sto|Nakhóda}}
| align="center"|self-designation
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|lowáŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|dowáŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|dowáŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|asb|nowáŋ}}
| align="center"|to sing
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|ló}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|dó}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|dó}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|asb|nó}}
| align="center"|assertion
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|čísčila}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|čísčina}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|čístina}}
| align="center"|{{lang|asb|čúsina}}
| align="center"|{{lang|sto|čúsin}}
| align="center"|small
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|hokšíla}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|hokšína}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|hokšína}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|hokšída}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|hokšína}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|hokšín}}
| align="center"|boy
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|gnayáŋ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|gnayáŋ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|knayáŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|hnayáŋ}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|knayáŋ}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|hna}}
| align="center"|to deceive
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|glépa}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|gdépa}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|kdépa}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|hdépa}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|knépa}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|hnéba}}
| align="center"|to vomit
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|kigná}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|kigná}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|kikná}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|kihná}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|kikná}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|gihná}}
| align="center"|to soothe
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|slayá}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|sdayá}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|sdayá}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|snayá}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|snayá}}
| align="center"|to grease
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|wičháša}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|wičháša}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|wičhášta}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|wičhášta}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|wičhá}}
| align="center"|man
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|kibléza}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|kibdéza}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|kibdéza}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|kimnéza}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|gimnéza}}
| align="center"|to sober up
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|yatkáŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|yatkáŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|yatkáŋ}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|yatkáŋ}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|yatkáŋ}}
| align="center"|to drink
|-
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|hé}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|hé}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|dak|hé}}
| align="center" |{{lang|asb|žé}}
| align="center" |{{lang|sto|žé}}
| align="center"|that
|}

====Lexical differences====

{|class="wikitable"
! align="center" width="100" rowspan="2"|English gloss
! align="center" width="100" rowspan="2"|Santee-Sisseton
! align="center" width="100" rowspan="2"|Yankton-Yanktonai
! align="center" colspan="2" width="200"|Lakota
|-
! align="center"|Northern Lakota
! align="center"|Southern Lakota
|-
| align="center"|''child''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|šičéča}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|wakȟáŋyeža}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|wakȟáŋyeža}}
|-
| align="center"|''knee''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|hupáhu}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|čhaŋkpé}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|čhaŋkpé}}
|-
| align="center"|''knife''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|isáŋ}} / {{lang|dak|mína}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|mína}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|míla}}
|-
| align="center"|''kidneys''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|phakšíŋ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|ažúŋtka}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|ažúŋtka}}
|-
| align="center"|''hat''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|wapháha}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|wapȟóštaŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|wapȟóštaŋ}}
|-
| align="center"|''still''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|hináȟ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|naháŋȟčiŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|naháŋȟčiŋ}}
|-
| align="center"|''man''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|wičhášta}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|wičháša}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|wičháša}}
|-
| align="center"|''hungry''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|wótehda}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|dočhíŋ}}
| align="center" colspan="2"|{{lang|lkt|ločhíŋ}}
|-
| align="center"|''morning''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|haŋȟ’áŋna}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|híŋhaŋna}}
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|híŋhaŋna}}
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|híŋhaŋni}}
|-
| align="center"|''to shave''
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|kasáŋ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|dak|kasáŋ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|kasáŋ}}
| align="center"|{{lang|lkt|glak’óǧa}}
|}