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Sleep paralysis
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== Symptoms and signs== The main symptom of sleep paralysis is being unable to move or speak during awakening.<ref name=Sharp2016/> Imagined sounds such as [[humming]], [[Noise (electronics)|hissing]], [[White noise|static]], [[Electrostatic discharge|zapping]] and buzzing noises are reported during sleep paralysis.<ref>Thorpy, M.J. (ed.). (1990). ''{{'}}Sleep paralysis'. l Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual''. Rochester, Minn.: American Sleep Disorders Association.</ref> Other sounds such as [[voice]]s, [[whisper]]s and [[roaring|roars]] are also experienced. It has also been known that one may feel pressure on their chest and intense pain in their head during an episode.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Spanos N.P., McNulty S.A., DuBreuil S.C., Pires M. | year = 1995 | title = The frequency and correlates of sleep paralysis in a university sample | journal = Journal of Research in Personality | volume = 29 | issue = 3| pages = 285β305 | doi=10.1006/jrpe.1995.1017}}</ref> These symptoms are usually accompanied by intense [[emotion]]s such as [[fear]] and [[panic]].<ref name=Blackmore2002 /> People also have sensations of drowning or sinking, being dragged out of bed or of flying, [[numbness]], and feelings of electric [[Paresthesia|tingles]] or [[vibration]]s running through their body.<ref name="Cheyneninenine">{{cite journal |last1=Cheyne |first1=J. |last2=Rueffer |first2=S. |last3=Newby-Clark |first3=I. |year=1999 |title=Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare |journal=Consciousness and Cognition |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=319β337 |doi=10.1006/ccog.1999.0404 |pmid=10487786 |s2cid=23758148}}</ref> Sleep paralysis may include hallucinations, such as an intruding presence or dark figure in the room. These are commonly known as '''sleep paralysis demons'''. It may also include suffocating or the individual, feeling a sense of terror, accompanied by a feeling of pressure on one's chest and [[Shortness of breath|difficulty breathing]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last1=Jalal|first1=Baland|last2=Romanelli|first2=Andrea|last3=Hinton|first3=Devon E.|date=2015-12-01|title=Cultural Explanations of Sleep Paralysis in Italy: The Pandafeche Attack and Associated Supernatural Beliefs|journal=Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry|volume=39|issue=4|pages=651β664|doi=10.1007/s11013-015-9442-y|issn=1573-076X|pmid=25802016|s2cid=46090345}}</ref>
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