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==SFP types== SFP transceivers are available with a variety of transmitter and receiver specifications, allowing users to select the appropriate transceiver for each link to provide the required ''optical'' or ''electrical reach'' over the available media type (e.g. [[twisted pair]] or [[Twinaxial cabling|twinaxial]] copper cables, [[multi-mode]] or [[single-mode]] fiber cables). Transceivers are also designated by their transmission speed. SFP modules are commonly available in several different categories. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Comparison of SFP types |- ! Name ! Nominal <br/>speed ! Lanes ! Standard ! Introduced ! Backward-compatible ! [[PHY#Ethernet physical transceiver|PHY]] interface ! Connector |- | align="left" | SFP | {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} | 1 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8074i | 2001-05-01 | {{n/a|None}} | MII | LC, RJ45 |- | align="left" | SFP | {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} | 1 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8074i | 2001-05-01 | {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} SFP* | SGMII | LC, RJ45 |- | align="left" | cSFP | {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} | 2 | | | | | LC |- | align="left" |SFP+ | {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} | 1 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8431 4.1 | 2009-07-06 | SFP | XGMII | LC, RJ45 |- | align="left" | SFP28 | {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} | 1 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8402 | 2014-09-13 | SFP, SFP+ | | LC |- | align="left" | SFP56 | {{nowrap|50 Gbit/s}} | 1 | | | SFP, SFP+, SFP28 | | LC |- | align="left" | SFP-DD | {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} | 2 | rowspan="3" | SFP-DD MSA<ref name=sfp-dd.spec/> | 2018-01-26 | SFP, SFP+, SFP28, SFP56 | | LC |- | align="left" | SFP112 | {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} | 1 | 2018-01-26 | SFP, SFP+, SFP28, SFP56 | | LC |- | align="left" | SFP-DD112 | {{nowrap|200 Gbit/s}} | 2 | 2018-01-26 | SFP, SFP+, SFP28, SFP56, SFP-DD, SFP112 | | LC |- ! colspan="8" | QSFP types |- | align="left" | QSFP | {{nowrap|4 Gbit/s}} | 4 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8438 | 2006-11-01 | {{n/a|None}} | GMII | |- | align="left" | QSFP+ | {{nowrap|40 Gbit/s}} | 4 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8436 | 2012-04-01 | {{n/a|None}} | XGMII | LC, MTP/MPO |- | align="left" | QSFP28 | {{nowrap|50 Gbit/s}} | 2 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665 | 2014-09-13 | QSFP+ | | LC |- | align="left" | QSFP28 | {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}} | 4 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665 | 2014-09-13 | QSFP+ | | LC, {{nowrap|MTP/MPO-12}} |- | align="left" | QSFP56 | {{nowrap|200 Gbit/s}} | 4 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665 | 2015-06-29 | QSFP+, QSFP28 | | LC, {{nowrap|MTP/MPO-12}} |- | align="left" | QSFP112 | {{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}} | 4 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665 | 2015-06-29 | QSFP+, QSFP28, QSFP56 | | LC, {{nowrap|MTP/MPO-12}} |- | align="left" | QSFP-DD | {{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}} | 8 | [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8628 | 2016-06-27 | QSFP+, QSFP28,<ref name="Cisco-400G_QSFP-DD">{{cite web |title=Cisco 400G QSFP-DD Cable and Transceiver Modules Data Sheet |url=https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/datasheet-c78-743172.html |website=Cisco |access-date=2020-03-27 |language=en}}</ref> QSFP56 | | LC, {{nowrap|MTP/MPO-16}} |} Note that the QSFP/QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP56 are designed to be electrically backward compatible with SFP/SFP+/SFP28 or SFP56 respectively. Using a simple adapter or a special direct attached cable it is possible to connect those interfaces together using just one lane instead of four provided by the QSFP/QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP56 form factor. The same applies to the QSFP-DD form factor with 8 lanes which can work downgraded to 4/2/1 lanes. === {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} SFP === <!--Information below would probably be better presented as a table--> <!--https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26184--> * Multi-mode fiber, [[LC connector]], with '''{{fontcolour|black|#f1f5fc|black}}''' or '''{{fontcolour|#CCCC00|#f1f5fc|Beige}}''' color coding ** '''SX'''{{snd}}850 nm, for a maximum of 550 m * Multi-mode fiber, [[LC connector]], with '''{{fontcolour|blue|#f1f5fc|blue}}''' color coding ** '''[[Fast Ethernet#100BASE-FX|FX]]''' {{snd}}1300 nm, for a distance up to 5 km. ** '''[[Fast Ethernet#100BASE-LFX|LFX]]''' (name dependent on manufacturer){{snd}}1310 nm, for a distance up to 5 km. * Single-mode fiber, LC connector, with '''{{fontcolour|blue|#f1f5fc|blue}}''' color coding ** '''[[Fast Ethernet#100BASE-LX|LX]]'''{{snd}}1310 nm, for distances up to 10 km ** '''[[Fast Ethernet#100BASE-EX|EX]]'''{{snd}}1310 nm, for distances up to 40 km * Single-mode fiber, LC connector, with '''{{fontcolour|green|#f1f5fc|green}}''' color coding ** '''[[Fast Ethernet#100BASE-ZX|ZX]]'''{{snd}}1550 nm, for distances up to 80 km, (depending on fiber path loss) ** '''EZX'''{{snd}}1550 nm, for distances up to 160 km (depending on fiber path loss) * Single-mode fiber, LC connector, Bi-Directional, with '''{{fontcolour|blue|#f1f5fc|blue}}''' and '''{{fontcolour|#CCCC00|#f1f5fc|yellow}}''' color coding ** '''BX''' (officially '''BX10'''){{snd}}1550 nm/1310 nm, Single Fiber Bi-Directional 100 Mbit SFP Transceivers, paired as '''BX-U''' ({{fontcolour|blue|#f1f5fc|blue}}) and '''BX-D''' ({{fontcolour|#CCCC00|#f1f5fc|yellow}}) for uplink and downlink respectively, also for distances up to 10 km. Variations of bidirectional SFPs are also manufactured which higher transmit power versions with link length capabilities up to 40 km. * Copper twisted-pair cabling, [[RJ45 (telecommunications)|8P8C]] (RJ-45) connector ** [[100BASE-TX]]{{snd}} for distances up to 100m. === {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} SFP === <!--Information below would probably be better presented as a table--> * 1 to 1.{{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} multi-mode fiber, [[LC connector]], with black or beige extraction lever<ref name="sfpmsa"/> ** '''SX'''{{snd}}850 nm, for a maximum of 550 m at 1.{{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} (gigabit Ethernet). Other multi-mode SFP applications support even higher rates at shorter distances.<ref>{{citation |url=http://agilestar.com/p/datasheets/FTLF8524P2BNV-AS.pdf |title=Agilestar/Finisar FTLF8524P2BNV specification}}</ref> * 1 to 1.{{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} multi-mode fiber, [[LC connector]], extraction lever colors not standardized ** '''SX+/MX/LSX/LX''' (name dependent on manufacturer){{snd}}1310 nm, for a distance up to 2 km.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdw.com/shop/products/PROLINE-1000BASE-SX-EXT-MMF-SFP-F-CISCO-1310NM-2KM/2240353.aspx|title=PROLINE 1000BASE-SX EXT MMF SFP F/CISCO 1310NM 2KM - SFP-MX-CDW - Ethernet Transceivers|website=CDW.com|access-date=2017-01-02}}</ref> Not compatible with SX or 100BASE-FX. Based on LX but engineered to work with a multi-mode fiber using a standard multi-mode patch cable rather than a mode-conditioning cable commonly used to adapt LX to multi-mode. * 1 to 2.{{nowrap|5 Gbit/s}} single-mode fiber, LC connector, with blue extraction lever<ref name="sfpmsa"/> ** '''LX'''{{snd}}1310 nm, for distances up to 10 km (originally, '''LX''' just covered 5 km and '''LX10''' for 10 km followed later) ** '''EX'''{{snd}}1310 nm, for distances up to 40 km ** '''ZX'''{{snd}}1550 nm, for distances up to 80 km (depending on fiber path loss), with green extraction lever (see GLC-ZX-SM1) ** '''EZX'''{{snd}}1550 nm, for distances up to 160 km (depending on fiber path loss) ** '''BX''' (officially '''BX10'''){{snd}}1490 nm/1310 nm, Single Fiber Bi-Directional Gigabit SFP Transceivers, paired as '''BX-U''' and '''BX-D''' for uplink and downlink respectively, also for distances up to 10 km.<ref>{{citation|title=Single Fiber Bidirectional SFP Transceiver|url=http://www.interlinkweb.com/systemics/assets/product_images/mrv/MRV-OP-SFPB_A4_HI-1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419114354/http://www.interlinkweb.com/systemics/assets/product_images/mrv/MRV-OP-SFPB_A4_HI-1.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-19|publisher=MRV}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://yamasakiot.com/yamasaki-sfp-transceivers |title=Gigabit Bidirectional SFPs |publisher=Yamasaki Optical Technology}}</ref> Variations of bidirectional SFPs are also manufactured which use 1550 nm in one direction, and higher transmit power versions with link length capabilities up to 80 km. ** 1550 nm 40 km ('''XD'''), 80 km ('''ZX'''), 120 km ('''EX''' or '''EZX''') ** '''SFSW'''{{snd}}single-fiber single-wavelength transceivers, for bi-directional traffic on a single fiber. Coupled with CWDM, these double the traffic density of fiber links.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2002/09/single-fiber-single-wavelength-gigabit-transceivers-53448792.html|title=Single-fiber single-wavelength gigabit transceivers |access-date=2002-09-05 |work=Lightwave|date=September 5, 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gigalight.com.cn/solutions/&FrontComContent_list01-12987118519831ContId=3878029b-493c-4e70-b97c-766776c55cd0&comContentId=3878029b-493c-4e70-b97c-766776c55cd0&comp_stats=comp-FrontComContent_list01-12987118519831.html |title=The principle of Single Wavelength BiDi Transceiver |publisher=Gigalight |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403232845/http://www.gigalight.com.cn/solutions/%26FrontComContent_list01-12987118519831ContId%3D3878029b-493c-4e70-b97c-766776c55cd0%26comContentId%3D3878029b-493c-4e70-b97c-766776c55cd0%26comp_stats%3Dcomp-FrontComContent_list01-12987118519831.html |archive-date=2014-04-03 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> ** [[Coarse wavelength-division multiplexing]] (CWDM) and [[dense wavelength-division multiplexing]] (DWDM) transceivers at various wavelengths achieve various maximum distances. CWDM and DWDM transceivers usually support link distances of 40, 80 and 120 km. * {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} for copper twisted-pair cabling, [[RJ45 (telecommunications)|8P8C]] (RJ-45) connector ** [[1000BASE-T]]{{snd}}these modules incorporate significant interface circuitry for [[Physical Coding Sublayer]] recoding<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.vitesse.com/products/download.php?fid=295&number=VSC8211 |title=VSC8211 media converter/physical layer specification}}</ref> and can be used only for [[gigabit Ethernet]] because of the specific line code. They are not compatible with (or rather: do not have equivalents for) [[Fibre Channel]] or SONET. Unlike most non-SFP, copper 1000BASE-T ports integrated into most routers and switches, 1000BASE-T SFPs usually cannot operate at [[100BASE-TX]] speeds. * {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} copper and optical{{snd}}some vendors have shipped {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} limited SFPs for [[fiber-to-the-home]] applications and drop-in replacement of legacy [[100BASE-FX]] circuits. These are relatively uncommon and can be easily confused with {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} SFPs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fs.com/c/100base-sfp_1668|title=Fiberstore: 100 M SFPs}}</ref> * Although it is not mentioned in any official specification document the maximum data rate of the original SFP standard is {{nowrap|5 Gbit/s}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siemon.com/sis/application-guide/2010-08-20-FAQs-for-SFP-plus.asp |title=FAQs for SFP+ |publisher=The Siemon Company |date=2010-08-20 |access-date=2016-02-22}}</ref> This was eventually used by both 4GFC Fibre Channel and the DDR Infiniband especially in its four-lane QSFP form. *In recent years,{{when|date=January 2020}} SFP transceivers have been created that will allow [[2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T|2.{{nowrap|5 Gbit/s}} and {{nowrap|5 Gbit/s}} Ethernet]] speeds with SFPs with 2.5GBASE-T<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flexoptix.net/en/transceiver/sfp-t-transceiver-2h-gigabit-cat-5e-rj-45-100m-100m-1000m-2500-base-t.html?co8829=85744 |title=2.5GBASE-T Copper SFP |publisher=Flexoptix GmbH |access-date=2019-10-04}}</ref> and 5GBASE-T.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flexoptix.net/en/transceiver/sfp-t-transceiver-5-gigabit-cat-5e-rj-45-70m-100m-1000m-5gbase-t.html?co8831=85745|title=5GBASE-T Copper SFP|publisher=Flexoptix GmbH|access-date=2019-10-04}}</ref> ==={{anchor|SFP+}}{{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} SFP+<!--[[Enhanced small form-factor pluggable transceiver]] redirects here-->=== [[File:10_Gbit_XFP_and_SFP_transceivers.jpg|thumb|350px|right|A [[10 Gigabit Ethernet]] [[XFP transceiver]], ''top'', and a SFP+ transceiver, ''bottom'']] The '''SFP+''' ('''enhanced small form-factor pluggable''') is an enhanced version of the SFP that supports data rates up to 16 [[Gbit/s]]. The SFP+ specification was first published on May 9, 2006, and version 4.1 was published on July 6, 2009.<ref name="spec">{{cite web|url=https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25891|title=SFF-8431 Specifications for Enhanced Small Form Factor Pluggable Module SFP+ Revision 4.1|date=July 6, 2009|access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref> SFP+ supports {{nowrap|8 Gbit/s}} [[Fibre Channel]], [[10 Gigabit Ethernet]] and [[Optical Transport Network]] standard OTU2. It is a popular industry format supported by many network component vendors. Although the SFP+ standard does not include mention of {{nowrap|16 Gbit/s}} Fibre Channel, it can be used at this speed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tek.com/primer/characterizing-sfp-transceiver-16g-fibre-channel-rate|title=Characterizing an SFP+ Transceiver at the 16G Fibre Channel Rate |author=Tektronix | date= November 2013 }}</ref> Besides the data rate, the major difference between 8 and {{nowrap|16 Gbit/s}} Fibre Channel is the encoding method. The [[64b/66b encoding]] used for {{nowrap|16 Gbit/s}} is a more efficient encoding mechanism than [[8b/10b encoding|8b/10b]] used for {{nowrap|8 Gbit/s}}, and allows for the data rate to double without doubling the line rate. 16GFC doesn't really use {{nowrap|16 Gbit/s}} signaling anywhere. It uses a 14.{{nowrap|025 Gbit/s}} line rate to achieve twice the throughput of 8GFC.<ref>{{cite web |title = Roadmaps |url = https://fibrechannel.org/roadmap/ |publisher = Fibre Channel Industry Association |access-date = 2023-03-05 }}</ref> SFP+ also introduces [[10 Gigabit Ethernet#SFP+ direct attach|direct attach]] for connecting two SFP+ ports without dedicated transceivers. Direct attach cables (DAC) exist in passive (up to 7 m), active (up to 15 m), and active optical (AOC, up to 100 m) variants. {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} SFP+ modules are exactly the same dimensions as regular SFPs, allowing the equipment manufacturer to re-use existing physical designs for 24 and 48-port switches and modular [[line card]]s. In comparison to earlier [[XENPAK]] or [[XFP]] modules, SFP+ modules leave more circuitry to be implemented on the host board instead of inside the module.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/print/volume-23/issue-4/technology/10-gigabit-ethernet-camp-eyes-sfp-53428172.html|title=10-Gigabit Ethernet camp eyes SFP+ |work=LightWave |date=April 2006 }}</ref> Through the use of an active electronic adapter, SFP+ modules may be used in older equipment with [[XENPAK]] ports <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flexoptix.net/en/10-gigabit-xenpak-sfp-plus-adapter.html|title=SFP+ to XENPAK adapter}}</ref> and [[X2 transceiver|X2]] ports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.optcore.net/product/cisco-cvr-x2-sfp10g-compatible-10gbase-x2-to-sfp-converter-module/|title=10GBASE X2 to SFP+ Converter|date=December 27, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unoptix.com/collections/10g-sfp|title=SFP Transceiver}}</ref> SFP+ modules can be described as ''limiting'' or ''linear'' types; this describes the functionality of the inbuilt electronics. Limiting SFP+ modules include a signal amplifier to re-shape the (degraded) received signal whereas linear ones do not. Linear modules are mainly used with the low bandwidth standards such as [[10 Gigabit Ethernet#10GBASE-LRM|10GBASE-LRM]]; otherwise, limiting modules are preferred.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lightwaveonline.com/general/the-road-to-sfp-examining-module-and-system-architectures-54884162.html |title=The road to SFP+: Examining module and system architectures |date= January 22, 2008 |author= Ryan Latchman and Bharat Tailor |work= Lightwave |access-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128011127/http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2008/01/the-road-to-sfp-examining-module-and-system-architectures-54884162.html |archive-date=2013-01-28 }}</ref> === {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} SFP28 === SFP28 is a {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} interface which evolved from the [[100 Gigabit Ethernet]] interface which is typically implemented with 4 by {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} data lanes. Identical in mechanical dimensions to SFP and SFP+, SFP28 implements one {{nowrap|28 Gbit/s}} lane<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethernetsummit.com/English/Collaterals/Proceedings/2015/20150414_H13_Neer.pdf|title=Ethernet Summit SFP28 examples}}</ref> accommodating {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}} of data with encoding overhead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/datasheet-c78-736950.html|title=Cisco SFP28 product examples}}</ref> SFP28 modules exist supporting single-<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://global-sei.com/company/press/2016/03/prs022.html|title=SFP28 LR 1310 nm transceivers}}</ref> or multi-mode<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smartoptics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/SO-SFP28-SR-R4.0.pdf|title=SFP28 850 nm example product}}</ref> fiber connections, active optical cable<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/prod_cables/PB_MFA2P10-Axxx_SFP25G-AOCxxM-TG_25GbE_SFP28_AOC.pdf |title=25GbE SFP28 Active Optical Cable |publisher=Mellanox |access-date=2018-10-25}}</ref> and direct attach copper.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/ethernet-sfp28-cables-brief.pdf |title=Intel Ethernet SFP28 Twinaxial Cables |access-date=2018-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/datasheet-c78-736950.pdf|title=Cisco SFP28 direct attach cables}}</ref> ===cSFP=== The '''compact small form-factor pluggable''' ('''cSFP''') is a version of SFP with the same mechanical form factor allowing two independent bidirectional channels per port. It is used primarily to increase port density and decrease fiber usage per port.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2008/02/compact-sfp-compact-sff-msa-group-forms-54884757.html |title=Compact SFP, Compact SFF MSA group forms |work=Lightwave |date=February 20, 2008 |access-date=2018-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/product_bulletin_c25-682262.html |title=Introducing Compact Small Form-Factor Pluggable Module (Compact SFP) |publisher=[[Cisco Systems]] |access-date=2019-01-12}}</ref> ===SFP-DD=== The '''small form-factor pluggable double density''' ('''SFP-DD''') multi-source agreement is a standard published in 2019 for doubling port density. According to the SFD-DD MSA website: "Network equipment based on the SFP-DD will support legacy SFP modules and cables, and new double density products."<ref>http://sfp-dd.com/ SFP-DD MSA</ref> SFP-DD uses two lanes to transmit. Currently, the following speeds are defined: * SFP112: {{val|100|u=Gbit/s}} using PAM4 on a single pair (not double density)<ref name=sfp-dd.spec>{{cite web |author=SFP-DD MSA|title=SFP-DD/SFP-DD112/SFP112 Hardware Specification for SFP112 AND SFP DOUBLE DENSITY PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Revision 5.1 |url=http://sfp-dd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/SFP-DDrev5.1.pdf |date=March 11, 2022}}</ref> * SFP-DD: {{val|100|u=Gbit/s}} using PAM4 and {{val|50|u=Gbit/s}} using NRZ<ref name=sfp-dd.spec/> * SFP-DD112: {{val|200|u=Gbit/s}} using PAM4<ref name=sfp-dd.spec/> * QSFP112: {{val|400|u=Gbit/s}} (4 Γ {{val|112|u=Gbit/s}})<ref name=qsfp-dd.msa>{{cite web |last1=QSFP-DD MSA |title=QSFP-DD/QSFP-DD800/QSFP112 Hardware Specification for QSFP DOUBLE DENSITY 8X AND QSFP 4X PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVERS Revision 6.3 |url=http://www.qsfp-dd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/QSFP-DD-Hardware-Rev6.3-final.pdf |date=July 26, 2022}}</ref> * QSFP-DD: {{val|400|u=Gbit/s}}/{{val|200|u=Gbit/s}} (8 Γ {{val|50|u=Gbit/s}} and 8 Γ {{val|25|u=Gbit/s}})<ref>SFF INF-8628</ref> * QSFP-DD800 (formerly QSFP-DD112): {{val|800|u=Gbit/s}} (8 Γ {{val|112|u=Gbit/s}})<ref name=qsfp-dd.msa/> * QSFP-DD1600 (Draft) {{val|1.6|u=Tbit/s}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qsfp-dd.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/QSFP-DD-Hardware-Rev7.1.pdf |title=QSFP-DD MSA |date=2024-07-25 |access-date=2024-08-15}}</ref>
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