Editing Smartdust (section)

==Design and engineering==
The concepts for Smart Dust emerged from a workshop at [[RAND]] in 1992 and a series of [[DARPA]] ISAT studies in the mid-1990s due to the potential military applications of the technology.<ref>Rosenthal, Marshal M. "Gamebits: Digital Tricks". ''[[Games (magazine)|Games]]''. Issue 160 (Vol 24, #3). Pg.6. May 2000.</ref> The work was strongly influenced by work at [[UCLA]] and the [[University of Michigan]] during that period, as well as science fiction authors [[Stanislaw Lem]] (in novels ''[[The Invincible]]'' in 1964 and ''[[Peace on Earth (novel)|Peace on Earth]]'' in 1985), [[Neal Stephenson]] and [[Vernor Vinge]]. The first public presentation of the concept by that name was at the [[American Vacuum Society]] meeting in Anaheim in 1996.

A Smart Dust research proposal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/SmartDustBAA97-43-Abstract.pdf|title=''Smart Dust: BAA97-43 Proposal Abstract'', POC: Kristofer S.J. Pister|website=berkeley.edu|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> was presented to DARPA written by [[Kristofer S. J. Pister]], Joe Kahn, and Bernhard Boser, all from the [[University of California, Berkeley]], in 1997. The proposal, to build wireless sensor nodes with a volume of one cubic millimeter, was selected for funding in 1998. The project led to a working [[Sensor node|mote]] smaller than a grain of rice,<ref>{{cite journal|title=An autonomous 16 mm/sup 3/ solar-powered node for distributed wireless sensor networks - IEEE Conference Publication|doi=10.1109/ICSENS.2002.1037346|s2cid=17152548|journal=IEEE}}</ref> and larger "COTS Dust" devices kicked off the [[TinyOS]] effort at [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]].

The concept was later expanded upon by Kris Pister in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/warneke01smart.html|title=CiteSeerX|website=psu.edu|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> A recent review discusses various techniques to take smartdust in [[sensor network]]s beyond millimeter dimensions to the [[micrometre]] level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/neural-dust-could-enable-a-fitbit-for-the-nervous-system|title="Neural Dust" Could Enable a Fitbit for the Nervous System|first=Simon|last=Makin|work=Scientific American |date=August 8, 2016 |access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>

The Ultra-Fast Systems component of the Nanoelectronics Research Centre at the [[University of Glasgow]] is a founding member of a large international consortium which is developing a related concept: smart specks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://userweb.elec.gla.ac.uk/j/jbarker/sd.html |title=Smart Dust for Space Exploration |access-date=2010-01-28 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630074703/http://userweb.elec.gla.ac.uk/j/jbarker/sd.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Smart Dust entered the Gartner [[Hype Cycle]] on Emerging Technologies in 2003,<ref>{{cite web|title=2003 Gartner Hype Cycle on emerging technologies|website=Gartner|access-date=20 August 2016|url=https://www.gartner.com/doc/399359}}</ref> and returned in 2013, as the most speculative entrant.<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Gartner Hype Cycle on emerging technologies|website=Gartner|access-date=14 September 2015|url=http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819122422/http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 19, 2013}}</ref>

In 2022, a Nature paper written by Shyamnath Gollakota, Vikram Iyer, Hans Gaensbauer and Thomas Daniel, all from the [[University of Washington]], presented tiny light-weight programmable battery-free wireless sensors that can be dispersed in the wind.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Iyer |first1=Vikram |last2=Gaensbauer |first2=Hans |last3=Daniel |first3=Thomas L. |last4=Gollakota |first4=Shyamnath |date=2022-03-17 |title=Wind dispersal of battery-free wireless devices |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507014903/https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10408042 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=603 |issue=7901 |pages=427–433 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04363-9 |pmid=35296847 |bibcode=2022Natur.603..427I |s2cid=247499662 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> These devices were inspired by Dandelion seeds that can travel as far as a kilometer in dry, windy, and warm conditions.