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==Word Origin and Etymology== [[File:Sabritas smiley face.svg|thumb|The smiley face of [[Sabritas]] named Oscar, having an open mouth.]] The first use of the word ending "ey" is unknown. Aside from the use as an adjective, it is also a surname with origins in [[Scotland]] in the 17th century. It is said to be an evolution from the surname [[Smiley (surname)|Smalley]] or Smellie.<ref>{{cite web |title=Origin of the Smiley name |url=https://www.smiley.id.au/history/origin_of_name.htm |publisher=Smiley Family}}</ref> The names "Smillie" and "Smiley" may have originated from a medieval nickname describing a person with a cheerful nature, stemming from the Middle English term "smile," which signifies "smile" or "grin."<ref>{{cite web |title=Last name: Smiley |url=https://surnamedb.com/Surname/smiley |website=The Internet Surname Database |publisher=Name Origin Research |access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref> The earliest known use of "smiley" in [[Publishing|print]] as an adjective for "having a [[smile]]" or "smiling" was in 1848.<ref name="MWsmiley">{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/smiley|title="smiley" the online Merriam-Webster dictionary|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2021-06-16|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506133429/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/smiley|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/smiley |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com Retrieved 2022-01-09 |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=10 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110010516/https://www.etymonline.com/word/smiley |url-status=live }}</ref> [[James Russell Lowell]] used the line "All kin' o' smily roun' the lips" in his [[Poetry|poem]] ''The Courtin’''.<ref>Clarendon Press. (1989). smiley. ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' (Vol. XV, p. 790).</ref><ref>[https://www.bartleby.com/371/624.html '' The Courtin’'' By James Russell Lowell (1819–1891) Biglow Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318200036/https://www.bartleby.com/371/624.html |date=18 March 2022 }} Retrieved 2022-03-18</ref> According to the [[Merriam-Webster]] online dictionary the earliest known use of "smiley face" for "a line drawing of a smiling face" was in 1957.<ref name=SmileyFaceMW /> In 1957 Jane McHenry wrote in a write-up in [[USA Weekend|Family Weekly Magazine]], ''Do-It-Yourself Carnival'' "Tape a paper plate to the mop head for a face, arranging string strands on each side for the hair. Draw a big ''smiley face'' on the plate!"<ref name="DoItYourself">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/vicksburg-evening-post-do-it-yourself/137952725/ Do-It-Yourself Carnival by Jane McHenry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219024300/https://www.newspapers.com/article/vicksburg-evening-post-do-it-yourself/137952725/ |date=19 February 2024 }} Vicksburg Evening Post Vicksburg, Mississippi • Sun, Sep 8, 1957, Page 38--Part of the syndicated ''Junior TREASURE Chest'' Edited by [[Marjorie Barrows]] Editor of ''The Children' Hour''</ref> A year later, there was an illustration of a noseless smiling face containing two dots, eyebrows, and a single curved line for a mouth in a write-up in [[USA Weekend|Family Weekly Magazine]], Galloping Ghosts! by Bill Ross with the text:<blockquote>"Collect six empty pop bottles and six cone-shaped paper cups. With crayons draw smiley faces on three of the cups and scary ones on the others. Put a cup on top of each bottle and line them up as 'ghosts.'...Keep score by counting five points for each scary-faced ghost knocked over and, since it is a night for spooks, only one point for each ''smiley''!"<ref name="Galloping Ghosts">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tyler-courier-times-galloping-ghosts/139919424/ Galloping Ghosts! By Bill Ross] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304190949/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tyler-courier-times-galloping-ghosts/139919424/ |date=4 March 2024 }} The Tyler Courier-Times Tyler, Texas • Sun, Oct 26, 1958 Page 64--Part of the syndicated ''Junior TREASURE Chest'' Edited by [[Marjorie Barrows]] Editor of ''The Children' Hour''</ref></blockquote> ===Name of Designs=== Early designs were often called ''"smiling face"'' or ''"happy face."'' In 1961 the [[WMCA (AM)|WMCA]]'s Good Guys, incorporated a black smiley onto a yellow sweatshirt,<ref name=EverybodysPutting>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/asbury-park-press-everybodys-putting-on/111248106/ Everybody's Putting on a Happy Face, Asbury Park Press Asbury Park, New Jersey, Sun, Jul 25, 1971, Page 36] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221192922/https://www.newspapers.com/article/asbury-park-press-everybodys-putting-on/111248106/ |date=21 February 2024 }} Retrieved 02-21-2024</ref> and it was nicknamed the "happy face." The [[Spain (surname)|Spain]] brothers and [[Harvey Ross Ball]] both had designs in the 70s that concentrated more on slogans than the actual name of the smiley. When Ball's design was completed, it was not given an official name. It was however labeled as ''"The Smile Insurance Company"'' which appeared on the back of the badges he created. The label was due to the fact the badges were designed for commercial use for an insurance company. The Spain brothers used the slogan [[Have a nice day]],<ref name="Adams" /><ref name=Spainbrothers1>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-times-news-two-brothers-put-th/132119272/ "Two Brothers Put The Smile On Buttons For Latest Fad" By Nancy B. Clarke, Women's News Service, The Daily Times-News Burlington, North Carolina, Sun, Aug 22, 1971, Page 20.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131223133/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-times-news-two-brothers-put-th/132119272/ |date=31 January 2024 }} Retrieved 31 Jan 2024</ref> which is now frequently known for the slogan rather than the naming of the smiley. The word smiley was used by [[The Smiley Company|Franklin Loufrani]] in France, when he registered his smiley design for trademark while working as a journalist for [[France Soir]] in 1971. The smiley accompanied positive news in the newspaper and eventually became the foundation for the licensing operation, [[The Smiley Company]]. <ref name=vice2>{{cite web |last1=Golby |first1=Joel |title=The Man Who Owns the Smiley Face |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-man-who-owns-the-smiley-face/ |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203204045/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/j5pyyb/the-man-who-owns-the-smiley-face |url-status=live }}</ref> Competing terms were used such as ''smiling face'' and ''happy face'' before consensus was reached on the term ''smiley.''The name smiley became commonly used in the 1970s and 1980s as the yellow and black [[ideogram]] began to appear more in [[popular culture]]. The ideogram has since been used as a foundation to create [[emoji|emoticon emoji]]s. These are digital interpretations of the smiley ideogram and have since become the most commonly used set of emojis since they adopted by [[Unicode]] in 2006 onwards. Smiley has since become a broader term that often includes both the ideogram design, but also [[emoji]]s that use the same yellow and black design.
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