Editing Software engineering (section)

== History ==
{{Main|History of software engineering}}
Beginning in the 1960s, software engineering was recognized as a separate field of [[engineering]].

The development of software engineering was seen as a struggle. Problems included software that was over budget, exceeded deadlines, required extensive [[debugging]] and maintenance, and unsuccessfully met the needs of consumers or was never even completed.

In 1968, [[NATO]] held the first software engineering conference, where issues related to software were addressed. Guidelines and best practices for the development of software were established.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of coding and software engineering|url=https://www.hackreactor.com/blog/the-history-of-coding-and-software-engineering|access-date=2021-05-06|website=www.hackreactor.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324032759/https://www.hackreactor.com/blog/the-history-of-coding-and-software-engineering/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The origins of the term ''software engineering'' have been attributed to various sources. The term appeared in a list of services offered by companies in the June 1965 issue of "Computers and Automation"<ref>{{cite web |title=Computers and Automation: The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1965 |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Computers_And_Automation/196506.pdf |website=bitsavers.org |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref> and was used more formally in the August 1966 issue of ''Communications of the ACM'' (Volume 9, number 8) in "President's Letter to the ACM Membership" by Anthony A. Oettinger.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bertrandmeyer.com/wp-content/upLoads/ACM-1966-Presidental-letter.pdf |quote=We must recognize ourselves -- not necessarily all of us, and not necessarily any one of us all the time -- as members of an engineering profession, be it hardware engineering or software engineering, a profession without artificial and irrelevant boundaries like that between "scientific" and "business" applications. |title=President's Letter to the ACM Membership |access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oettinger |first1=A. G. |year=1966 |title=President's Letter to the ACM Membership |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |volume=9 |number=8 |issn=0001-0782 |doi=10.1145/365758.3291288 |journal=Commun. ACM |pages=545–546 |s2cid=53432801 |doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://bertrandmeyer.com/2013/04/04/the-origin-of-software-engineering/
| title = The origin of "software engineering"
| date = 4 April 2013
| access-date = 17 November 2017}}</ref> It is also associated with the title of a NATO conference in 1968 by Professor [[Friedrich L. Bauer]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/NATOReports/
| title = The 1968/69 NATO Software Engineering Reports
| last = Randall | first = Brian
| access-date = 17 November 2017}}</ref> [[Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)|Margaret Hamilton]] described the discipline of "software engineering" during the Apollo missions to give what they were doing legitimacy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Margaret Hamilton: First Software Engineer |author=Lori Cameron |website=Tech News |url=https://www.computer.org/publications/tech-news/events/what-to-know-about-the-scientist-who-invented-the-term-software-engineering |date=October 5, 2008 |publisher=[[IEEE Computer Society]]}}</ref> At the time, there was perceived to be a "[[software crisis]]".<ref>{{cite book
|title= Software Engineering
|author=Ian Sommerville
|publisher=Pearson Education Limited
|date= March 24, 2015
|edition=10th
|isbn=978-0-13-394303-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|author-first1=Naur|author-last1=Peter|author-first2=Brian |author-last2=Randell|author-link2=Brian Randell| title = Software Engineering: Report of a conference sponsored by the NATO Science Committee| publisher = Scientific Affairs Division, NATO| date = 7–11 October 1968| location = Garmisch, Germany| url = http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/nato1968.PDF| access-date = 2008-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/NATOReports/index.html| title = The 1968/69 NATO Software Engineering Reports| access-date = 2008-10-11 | last = Randell | first = Brian | author-link = Brian Randell|date = 10 August 2001| work = Brian Randell's University Homepage| publisher = The School of the Computer Sciences, Newcastle University| quote = The idea for the first NATO Software Engineering Conference, and in particular that of adopting the then practically unknown term "software engineering" as its (deliberately provocative) title, I believe came originally from Professor [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]].}}</ref> The 40th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2018) celebrates 50 years of "Software Engineering" with the Plenary Sessions' keynotes of [[Frederick Brooks]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StN49re9Nq8&t=67s | title = ICSE 2018 – Plenary Sessions – Fred Brooks | author = 2018 International Conference on Software Engineering celebrating its 40th anniversary, and 50 years of Software engineering | website = [[YouTube]] | date = 31 May 2018 | access-date = 9 August 2018}}</ref> and [[Margaret Hamilton (scientist)|Margaret Hamilton]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbVOF0Uk5lU | title = ICSE 2018 – Plenary Sessions – Margaret Hamilton | author = 2018 International Conference on Software Engineering celebrating its 40th anniversary, and 50 years of Software engineering | website = [[YouTube]] | date = 31 May 2018 | access-date = 9 August 2018}}</ref>

In 1984, the [[Software Engineering Institute]] (SEI) was established as a federally funded research and development center headquartered on the campus of [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], United States.<ref name=DoDFunding>{{cite journal
|title=Software engineering institute (SEI)
|author=Linda Hutz Pesante
|journal=Encyclopedia of Computer Science
|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley and Sons Ltd.]]
|location=[[Chichester]], West Sussex, UK
|editor1=Anthony Ralston
|editor2=Edwin D. Reilly
|isbn=978-0-470-86412-8
|date=January 1, 2003
|pages=1611–1613
|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1074100.1074803
|quote="(1) The institute was competitively awarded to [[Carnegie Mellon]] in December 1984 by the [[US Department of Defense]] (DoD) to improve the state of the practice of software engineering. ... (2) the SEI moves mature solutions of proven value into widespread use; examples include the [[Capability Maturity Model]] (CMM) ..."}} {{free access}}</ref>
[[Watts Humphrey]] founded the SEI Software Process Program, aimed at understanding and managing the software engineering process.<ref name=DoDFunding/> The Process Maturity Levels introduced became the [[Capability Maturity Model Integration]] for Development (CMMI-DEV), which defined how the US Government evaluates the abilities of a software development team.

Modern, generally accepted best practices for software engineering have been collected by the [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7]] subcommittee and published as the [[Software Engineering Body of Knowledge]] (SWEBOK).<ref name=swebokVol3/> Software engineering is considered one of the major [[computing]] disciplines.<ref name=se2014>{{cite book |title=Software Engineering 2014: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Software Engineering |series=A Volume of the Computing Curricula Series |date=23 February 2015 |author=Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula, [[IEEE Computer Society]], [[Association for Computing Machinery]] |publisher=[[IEEE Computer Society]] and [[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/se2014.pdf}}</ref>