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Soundscape
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== Historical context == The origin of the term soundscape is somewhat ambiguous. It is often miscredited as having been coined by Canadian composer and naturalist, [[R. Murray Schafer]], who led much of the groundbreaking work on the subject from the 1960s and onwards. According to an interview with Schafer published in 2013,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Darò|first1=C|title=Avant-gardes Sonores en architecture [Avant-garde in sonic architecture]|date=2013|publisher=Les Presses du Réel|location=Dijon}}</ref> Schafer himself attributes the term to city planner Michael Southworth. Southworth, a former student of Kevin Lynch, led a project in Boston in the 1960s, and reported the findings in a paper entitled "The Sonic Environment of Cities" in 1969,<ref name=":3">{{cite journal|last1=Southworth|first1=Michael|title=The Sonic Environment of Cities|journal=Environment and Behavior|volume=1|issue=1|pages=49–70|doi=10.1177/001391656900100104|hdl=1721.1/102214|year=1969|s2cid=130685505|hdl-access=free}}</ref> where the term is used. Around the same time as Southworth's project in Boston, Schafer initiated the [[World Soundscape Project]] together with colleagues [[Barry Truax]] and Hildegard Westerkamp. Schafer subsequently collected the findings from the world soundscape project and fleshed out the soundscape concept in more detail in his seminal work about the sound environment, "Tuning of the World".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schafer|first1=Murray, R.|title=The soundscape : our sonic environment and the tuning of the world.|date=1977|publisher=Destiny Books|location=Rochester, Vermont}}</ref> Schafer has also used the concept in music education.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The new soundscape: a handbook for the modern music teacher|last=Schafer|first=R.M|publisher=Berandol Music.|year=1969|location=Toronto}}</ref> One of Soundscape's co-founders is Nezar Kadhem.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-17 |title=Soundscapes - Getting to Know Atish {{!}} Red Bull MEA |url=https://www.redbull.com/mea-en/getting-to-know-atish |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Red Bull |language=en}}</ref>
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