Editing Southern blot (section)

== History ==
Southern invented Southern blot after combining three innovations. The first one is the restriction endonucleases, which were developed at Johns Hopkins University by [[Thomas J. Kelly (scientist)|Tom Kelly]] and [[Hamilton O. Smith|Hamilton Smith]]. Those restriction endonucleases are used to cut the DNA at a specific sequence. [[Kenneth Murray (biologist)|Kenneth]] and [[Noreen Murray]] introduced this technique as Southern. The second innovation is the gel electrophoresis that is based on separation of mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size, which was also developed at Johns Hopkins University, by [[Daniel Nathans]] and  Kathleen Danna in 1971. The third innovation is the blotting-through method which was developed by [[Frederick Sanger]], when he transferred RNA molecules to DEAE paper. Southern blot was invented in 1973 but it was not published until 1975. Although it was published later the technique was disseminated when Southern introduced the Southern blot technique to a scientist at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory called Michael Mathews by drawing this technique on a paper.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tofano |first1=Daidree |last2=Wiechers |first2=Ilse R. |last3=Cook-Deegan |first3=Robert |date=2006-08-15 |title=Edwin Southern, DNA blotting, and microarray technology: A case study of the shifting role of patents in academic molecular biology |journal=Genomics, Society and Policy |volume=2 |issue=2 |page=50 |doi=10.1186/1746-5354-2-2-50 |issn=1746-5354|doi-access=free |pmc=5424904 }}</ref>