Editing Space frame (section)

==History==
[[Alexander Graham Bell]] from 1898 to 1908 developed space frames based on tetrahedral geometry.<ref>{{cite web| title=Alexander Graham Bell| url=http://www.drachenarchiv.de/Seiten/b_bp_bell.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=2003-03-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030326123328/http://www.drachenarchiv.de/Seiten/b_bp_bell.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Tetrahedral Principle In Kite Structure | author=Alexander Graham Bell| journal=National Geographic Magazine| volume= XIV| issue=6 | date=June 1903| url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.37700202}}</ref> Bell's interest was primarily in using them to make rigid frames for nautical and aeronautical engineering, with the [[tetrahedral kite|tetrahedral truss]] being one of his inventions. 

[[Mero-Schmidlin|Max Mengeringhausen]] developed the space grid system called MERO (acronym of '''''ME'''ngeringhausen '''RO'''hrbauweise'') in 1943 in Germany, thus initiating the use of space trusses in architecture.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://tatproddel.tat.cloud.opentext.com/sites/constructionuk/default/en/reference/teaching-resources/architectural-teaching-resource/design/space-grid-structures/brief-history-and-development-of-systems| title=Modular space grids| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915031431/http://tatproddel.tat.cloud.opentext.com/sites/constructionuk/default/en/reference/teaching-resources/architectural-teaching-resource/design/space-grid-structures/brief-history-and-development-of-systems| archive-date=2016-09-15}}</ref> The commonly used method, still in use{{As of when|date=March 2025}}, has individual tubular members connected at node joints (ball shaped) and variations such as the space deck system, octet truss system, and cubic system. 

Stéphane de Chateau in France invented the Tridirectional SDC system (1957), Unibat system (1959), and Pyramitec (1960).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.setareh.arch.vt.edu/safas/010_system_05_unibat.html| title=Unibat system| date=4 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=The innovative structural conception in Stéphane du Château's work: from metallic trusses to the development of spatial frames| first=Cláudia Estrela| last=Porto| journal=Architectus| location=Poland| volume=4| issue=40| pages=51–64| date=2014| url=http://www.architectus.arch.pwr.wroc.pl/40/40_05.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=September 16, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916221813/http://www.architectus.arch.pwr.wroc.pl/40/40_05.pdf }}</ref> A method of tree supports was developed to replace the individual columns.<ref>[http://citiesnow.in/blog/2015/07/09/evolution-of-space-frames/ Evolution of Space Frames] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119115630/http://citiesnow.in/blog/2015/07/09/evolution-of-space-frames/ |date=November 19, 2015 }} Cities Now</ref> 

[[Buckminster Fuller]] patented the octet truss ({{US Patent|2,986,241}}) in 1961<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.grunch.net/synergetics/docs/bellnote.html| title=Fuller on Bell| author=Dorothy Harley Eber, via telephone| date=June 29, 1978}}</ref> while focusing on [[architecture|architectural]] structures. 

[https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/1c/9a/7a/6aa02cf0efb93c/US4446666.pdf Gilman's Tetrahedral Truss] of 1980 was developed by [[John J. Gilman]], a material scientist known for his work on the molecular matrices of crystalline solids.  Gilman was an admirer of Buckminster Fuller's architectural trusses, and developed a stronger matrix, in part by rotating an alignment of tetrahedral nodes in relation to each other.