Editing Spatial light modulator (section)

==Electrically-addressed spatial light modulator (EASLM)==
As its name implies, the image on an electrically addressed spatial light modulator is created and changed electronically, as in most electronic displays. EASLMs usually receive input via a conventional interface such as VGA or DVI input. They are available at resolutions up to [[graphic display resolutions#Extended Graphics Array|QXGA]] (2048 × 1536). Unlike ordinary displays, they are usually much smaller (having an active area of about 2&nbsp;cm²) as they are not normally meant to be viewed directly. An example of an EASLM is the [[digital micromirror device|digital micromirror device (DMD)]] at the heart of [[Digital Light Processing|DLP]] displays or [[LCoS]] Displays using [[Ferroelectricity|ferroelectric]] [[liquid crystals]] ([[Forth Dimension Displays|FLCoS]]) or [[Liquid crystals|nematic liquid crystals]] (electrically controlled birefringence effect).

Spatial light modulators can be either reflective or transmissive depending on their design and purpose.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Harriman |first1=Jamie |last2=Serati |first2=Steve |last3=Stockley |first3=Jay |title=Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation II |date=2005-08-18 |editor-last=Dholakia |editor-first=Kishan |editor2-last=Spalding |editor2-first=Gabriel C. |chapter=Comparison of transmissive and reflective spatial light modulators for optical manipulation applications |volume=5930 |chapter-url=http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?doi=10.1117/12.619283 |pages=59302D |doi=10.1117/12.619283}}</ref>

DMDs, short for digital micromirror devices, are spatial light modulators that specifically work with binary amplitude-only modulation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hellman |first1=Brandon |last2=Takashima |first2=Yuzuru |date=2019-07-16 |title=Angular and spatial light modulation by single digital micromirror device for multi-image output and nearly-doubled étendue |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.021477 |journal=Optics Express |volume=27 |issue=15 |pages=21477–21496 |doi=10.1364/oe.27.021477 |pmid=31510225 |bibcode=2019OExpr..2721477H |issn=1094-4087|hdl=10150/633995 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=SettingUp>{{Cite web |title=Setting up a DMD: Aberration effects - Wavefrontshaping.net |url=https://www.wavefrontshaping.net/post/id/23 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.wavefrontshaping.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607181720if_/https://www.wavefrontshaping.net/post/id/23|archive-date=June 7, 2023}}</ref> Each pixel on the SLM can only be in one of two states: "on" or "off". The main purpose of the SLM is to control and adjust the amplitude of the light.

Phase modulation can be achieved using a DMD by using Lee holography techniques, or by using the superpixel method.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Goorden |first1=Sebastianus A. |last2=Bertolotti |first2=Jacopo |last3=Mosk |first3=Allard P. |date=2014-07-17 |title=Superpixel-based spatial amplitude and phase modulation using a digital micromirror device |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.017999 |journal=Optics Express |volume=22 |issue=15 |pages=17999–25909 |doi=10.1364/oe.22.017999 |pmid=25089419 |issn=1094-4087|arxiv=1405.3893 |bibcode=2014OExpr..2217999G }}</ref><ref name=SettingUp />