Editing Special Broadcasting Service (section)

==History==
As a result of extensive [[post-war immigration to Australia|post-World War II immigration to Australia]] and the end of the [[White Australia Policy]], the federal government began to consider the need for "ethnic broadcasting" – programming targeted at ethnic minorities and mostly delivered in languages other than English. Until 1970, radio stations were prevented by law from broadcasting in foreign languages for more than 2.5 hours per week.<ref>[http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/library/media/Timeline-Commentary/id/109.The-Special-Broadcasting-Service 1978 - SBS set up to air multilingual programs and information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006212452/http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/library/media/Timeline-Commentary/id/109.The-Special-Broadcasting-Service |date=6 October 2017 }}, Multicultural History of Australia. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</ref> In June 1975 at the behest of Minister for Immigration [[Al Grassby]], two "experimental" radio stations began broadcasting: 2EA in [[Sydney]] and 3EA in [[Melbourne]] (EA stood for "Ethnic Australia"), partly to publicise the Whitlam government's social policy changes to ethnic communities.<ref>{{cite web |title=SBS established |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/sbs-established |website=www.nma.gov.au |publisher=National Museum of Australia |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In March 1976, the [[Fraser government]] established the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcasting, followed by the National Ethnic Broadcasting Advisory Council in January 1977. Initially, it was considered feasible for ethnic broadcasting to be delivered by the [[Australian Broadcasting Commission]] (ABC); however, this plan was abandoned in mid-1977.<ref name=brief>[http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/doc/sbs_3.pdf Brief History of SBS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424152425/http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/doc/sbs_3.pdf |date=24 April 2018 }}, Multicultural Australia. Retrieved 8 April 2018.</ref>

In October 1977, the government announced the creation of SBS as a new independent [[statutory authority]] for ethnic broadcasting.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110871796|date=14 October 1977|title=Ethnic radio body plan|newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502002244/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110871796|archive-date=2 May 2018}}</ref> This was achieved as a result of an amendment<ref>'{{cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|bataa1977338|Broadcasting and Television Amendment Act 1977}}</ref> to the ''[[Broadcasting Act 1942]]''. SBS formally came into existence on 1 January 1978.<ref name=brief/> The inaugural Chair of SBS was Grisha Sklovsky, and the inaugural executive director was Ronald Fowell. The service was initially a radio network, and had oversight only of the two existing stations 2EA and 3EA.<ref name=brief/> It was always intended that it would be enlarged, but this process was controversial – the [[FreeTV Australia|Federation of Australian Commercial Television Stations]] wanted the television functions to be controlled by the ABC.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110917302|newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]]|date=18 October 1978|title=Call to postpone ethnic service|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408011733/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110917302|archive-date=8 April 2018}}</ref>

In March 1979, the government set up the Ethnic Television Review Panel, which recommended that SBS expand multilingual services into television. [[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS TV]] began test transmissions in April 1979 when it showed various foreign language programs on [[ABV-2]] Melbourne and [[ABN-2]] Sydney on Sunday mornings. Full-time transmission began on a new television channel at 6:30&nbsp;pm on 24 October 1980 ([[United Nations Day]]). The first program shown was a documentary entitled ''Who Are We?'', which was hosted by veteran news presenter [[Peter Luck]]. At the time, SBS was broadcasting on [[UHF]] Channel 28 and [[VHF]] Channel 0 (pronounced as "oh" and not "zero"), with a planned discontinuation of the latter at some time in the future. [[Bruce Gyngell]], who [[Nine Network|introduced television to Australia in 1956]], was given the task of introducing the first batch of programs on the new station.

SBS programming content was initially imported from the suppliers in the countries-of-origin of Australia's major migrant communities and then subtitled into English.<ref name="inventing_sbs_2007_ach">Hawkins, Gay ([[University of New South Wales]]) and Ien Ang ([[University of Western Sydney]]), [http://www.uws.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/156952/Hawkins_and_Ang_InventingSBS_ICS_Pre-Print_Final.pdf "Inventing SBS: Televising the Foreign,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113082437/http://www.uws.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/156952/Hawkins_and_Ang_InventingSBS_ICS_Pre-Print_Final.pdf |date=13 January 2016 }} 2007, ''ACH: The Journal of the History of Culture in Australia'', 26: 1-14, Taylor & Francis, Australia.</ref>

In October–November 1983, the service expanded to service the centres of [[Canberra]], [[Cooma]] and [[Goulburn, New South Wales|Goulburn]],<ref name=SBStimeline2005>{{cite web|url=http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1201|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050718060140/http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1201|title=A brief history of SBS|publisher=Special Broadcasting Service|date=n.d.|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=18 July 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116413493 |title=Viewers switch on to Network 28 |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=58 |issue=17,555 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=22 October 1983 |access-date=3 July 2021 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116396600 |title=TIMESTYLE |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=58 |issue=17,584 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=20 November 1983 |access-date=3 July 2021 |page=14 (SUNDAY EDITION) |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> subsequently changing its name to Network 0–28. Its new slogan was the eventual long-running "Bringing the World Back Home".<ref>{{Citation 
  | author1=Australia. Special Broadcasting Service. 
  | title=SBS Television – Presentation 
  | journal=Annual Report of the Special Broadcasting Service. 
  | year=1980 
  | issn=0158-5339 
  | series=Parliamentary paper (Australia. Parliament) 
  | issue=1983/1984, PP no. 10 of 1985 
  | location=Sydney [N.S.W.] 
  | publisher=S.B.S 
  | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2038253296
  | id=nla.obj-2038253296
  | access-date=21 October 2021
  | via=Trove 
}}</ref> The network changed its name to simply SBS in February 1985 and soon began daytime transmissions.<ref name=SBStimeline2005/> SBS also expanded to the cities of [[Brisbane]], [[Adelaide]], [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], [[Wollongong]] and the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] in June of that year.<ref name=SBStimeline2005/>

On 5 January 1986, SBS ceased broadcasting on the [[VHF]] channel 0 frequency. Although many Australians at the time did not have UHF antennas, SBS's VHF licence had already been extended by a year at this stage and not all antennas had worked well with the low-frequency Channel 0.<ref>[http://televisionau.com/feature-articles/sbs The History of Australian Television: SBS Television] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008073003/http://televisionau.com/feature-articles/sbs |date=8 October 2014 }}, accessed 22 May 2007</ref>

In August 1986, the government proposed legislation that would amalgamate SBS into the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]. This was highly unpopular with ethnic-minority communities,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136292891 |title=Protest against ABC-SBS |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=61 |issue=18,778 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=3 March 1987 |access-date=3 July 2021 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and after protests from both SBS staff and communities, resulted in the [[Prime Minister of Australia]], [[Bob Hawke]] announcing in 1987 that the proposed amalgamation would not proceed.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118187216 |title=Government abandons SBS-ABC merger |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=61 |issue=18,833 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=27 April 1987 |access-date=3 July 2021 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>  The [[SBS Radio and Television Youth Orchestra]] was soon launched in 1988 with founding conductor [[Matthew Krel]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article263332358 |title=SBS youth orchestra plan |newspaper=[[The Australian Jewish Times]] |volume=94 |issue=4 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=30 September 1988 |access-date=3 July 2021 |page=24 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

Plans to introduce limited commercial-program sponsorship, as well as the establishment of SBS as an independent corporation with its own charter, were put in place in July 1989. A program called ''[[Eat Carpet]]'', showcasing local and international short films, was also launched in 1989.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article120911915 |title=Still some spark in SBS |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=63 |issue=19,494 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=20 February 1989 |access-date=3 July 2021 |page=25 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The passage into law of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 officially made SBS a corporation in 1991.<ref>{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|sbsa1991254|Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991}}</ref> Throughout the early 1990s, [[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS TV]] coverage was expanded further to include new regional areas such as the [[Latrobe Valley]], [[Spencer Gulf]], [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], northeast [[Tasmania]], [[Cairns]] and [[Townsville]].<ref>{{Citation 
  | author1=Special Broadcasting Service Corporation. 
  | title=Audience 
  | journal=Annual Report 
  | year=1992 
  | issn=1038-6696 
  | series=Parliamentary paper (Australia. Parliament) 
  | issue=1991/1992, PP no. 373 of 1992 
  | location=Canberra 
  | publisher=Australian Govt. Pub. Service 
  | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2168777670
  | id=nla.obj-2168777670
  | access-date=21 October 2021
  | via=Trove 
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation 
  | author1=Special Broadcasting Service Corporation. 
  | title=Annual report 
  | year=1992 
  | issn=1038-6696 
  | series=Parliamentary paper (Australia. Parliament) 
  | issue=1992/1993, PP no. 333 of 1993 
  | location=Canberra 
  | publisher=Australian Govt. Pub. Service 
  | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1681855061
  | id=nla.obj-1681855061
  | access-date=21 October 2021
  | via=Trove 
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation 
  | author1=Special Broadcasting Service Corporation. 
  | title=Annual report 
  | year=1992 
  | issn=1038-6696 
  | series=Parliamentary paper (Australia. Parliament) 
  | issue=1993/1994, PP no. 361 of 1994 
  | location=Canberra 
  | publisher=Australian Govt. Pub. Service 
  | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1186376929
  | id=nla.obj-1186376929
  | access-date=21 October 2021
  | via=Trove 
}}</ref>
[[File:SBS, Artarmon.jpg|thumb|The SBS' corporate headquarters in [[Artarmon, New South Wales]]]]
In 1992, SBS's radio and television facilities were gradually relocated to new premises in [[Artarmon, New South Wales|Artarmon]], [[New South Wales]]. Radio services were initially located in [[Bondi Junction]] and television services in [[Milsons Point, New South Wales|Milsons Point]]. The new building was officially opened on 10 November 1993 by the prime minister, [[Paul Keating]], and a national radio network was launched in January 1994. The new service initially covered Brisbane, [[Adelaide]], [[Perth]], and Darwin, while original stations 2EA and 3EA were renamed Radio Sydney and Radio Melbourne, respectively. However, the new national service was launched on a separate frequency in Sydney and Melbourne in July of that year. Throughout 1996, the radio services were expanded to cover [[Hobart]] and [[Canberra]], while [[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS TV]]'s coverage was further expanded to include the [[New South Wales North Coast]] and the town of [[Albury]].

[[Comedy Central]]'s ''[[South Park]]'', SBS's most successful imported television series, was first aired in 1997. A time-delay system was installed for [[South Australia]] in May 1999, shortly before the establishment of the Transmission Services division (intended to manage transmission and self-help services). A New Media division, responsible for the SBS website, was established at the start of 2000 in time for the first [[webcast]] of the [[Australian Film Institute Awards]]. Ratings continued to increase through 2000 to 2001 – increasing to an overall 5.2% average weekly audience share.<ref name="history">[http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1201 SBS: History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302020843/http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1201 |date=2 March 2007 }} SBS Corporation, accessed 26 May 2007</ref>

In April 2003, SBS Radio dropped four languages from its schedule, Irish, Scots Gaelic, Welsh, and Belarusian, and added four others, Amharic, Nepalese, Malay, and Somali, while increasing the broadcast hours for [[Cantonese]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. SBS broadcast the 2004 [[2004 Summer Olympics|Athens Olympics]] in partnership with the [[Seven Network]]. and also broadcast [[Euro 2008]] in Austria and Switzerland.
[[File:SBS Building in the Federation Square.jpg|thumb|The SBS building in Melbourne's [[Federation Square]]]]
[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] and [[Arabic language]] broadcasts were added to SBS's ''WorldWatch'' television schedule in 2003.<ref>{{cite web | title = SBS Timeline | url = http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1201 | publisher = Special Broadcasting Service | access-date = 20 May 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302020843/http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1201 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2 March 2007}}</ref> However, the [[Vietnamese Australian|Vietnamese community]] protested the Vietnamese-language service, whose content was taken from [[Vietnam Television|VTV4]], [[Vietnam]]'s government-controlled national broadcaster. They found the portrayal of the communist [[Flag of Vietnam|Vietnamese flag]] and [[Ho Chi Minh]] offensive and stated that the program's lack of reporting on political arrests and religious oppression was also offensive, especially to those who had fled the country following the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Crunch time for SBS over Vietnamese news bulletin | url = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/12/01/1070127351359.html?from=storyrhs | newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]| date = 2 December 2003 | access-date = 20 May 2007 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080124104200/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/12/01/1070127351359.html?from=storyrhs | archive-date = 24 January 2008}}</ref> This backlash prompted SBS to remove the bulletin from schedule and from then on to display disclaimers before all externally produced bulletins in order to distance it from the content.

In May 2008, SBS unveiled a new-look logo as well as a new [[backronym]]ic slogan: "Six Billion Stories and counting".<ref>[http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1248 SBS: Six Billion Stories and counting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719040822/http://www20.sbs.com.au/sbscorporate/index.php?id=1248 |date=19 July 2008 }} SBS Corporation, accessed 8 May 2008</ref>

On 8 May 2012, SBS received $158 million in government funding,<ref name="SBS Funding">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/05/158m-funding-boost-for-sbs.html|title=$158m funding boost for SBS|date=9 May 2012 |publisher=TV Tonight|access-date=10 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511091812/http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/05/158m-funding-boost-for-sbs.html|archive-date=11 May 2012}}</ref> of which $15 million would be used yearly, to fund the formation of a new free-to-air channel devoted to [[Indigenous Australians|the indigenous peoples of Australia]].<ref name="New Indigenous Australian Channel">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/05/new-indigenous-tv-channel-for-sbs.html|title=New Indigenous TV channel for SBS|date=9 May 2012 |publisher=TV Tonight|access-date=10 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607010748/http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/05/new-indigenous-tv-channel-for-sbs.html|archive-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> which would replace the existing [[National Indigenous Television]] on 12 December 2012, with 90% of its staff transferring to this new channel.<ref name="NITV Staff Transfer">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/05/sbs-but-wait-theres-more.html|title=SBS – but wait there's more...|date=10 May 2012 |publisher=TV Tonight|access-date=10 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513055721/http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/05/sbs-but-wait-theres-more.html|archive-date=13 May 2012}}</ref> On 12 December 2012, NITV was re-launched as an SBS-operated [[free-to-air]] channel, replacing SBS4.<ref name="NITV Replaces SBS4">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/12/nitv-launch-day.html|title=NITV: Launch Day|date=5 December 2012 |publisher=TV Tonight|access-date=12 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207113014/http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/12/nitv-launch-day.html|archive-date=7 December 2012}}</ref>

SBS is a supporter of [[same-sex marriage]]<ref name=SSM>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/senators-accuse-sbs-of-campaigning-against-australian-law-by-supporting-samesex-marriage-20151020-gkdcm2.html|title=Senators accuse SBS of campaigning against Australian law by supporting same-sex marriage|author=Knott, Matthew|date=20 October 2015|work=[[The Age]]|access-date=21 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025046/http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/senators-accuse-sbs-of-campaigning-against-australian-law-by-supporting-samesex-marriage-20151020-gkdcm2.html|archive-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> and pulled an anti-same-sex marriage advertisement ahead of its telecast of the [[Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/gay-marriage/anti-marriage-equality-ad-pulled-from-sbs-tv/story-fnizhakg-1227253242695|title=Anti-marriage equality ad pulled from SBS TV|date=9 March 2015|work=[[News Ltd]]|access-date=21 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006041649/http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/gay-marriage/anti-marriage-equality-ad-pulled-from-sbs-tv/story-fnizhakg-1227253242695|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref> Then managing director, [[Michael Ebeid]], defended SBS's position on the issue.<ref name = SSM/>

On 17 November 2015, the new food channel, [[SBS Food Network]], was launched. On 17 November 2018, the channel became SBS Food.

In June 2016, SBS announced that SBS 2 was set to be rebranded as [[SBS Viceland]] with content from US-Canadian youth Vice Media from November 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvtonight.com.au/2016/06/viceland-to-replace-sbs-2.html|title=Viceland to replace SBS 2|date=23 June 2016|website=tvtonight.com.au|access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018021234/http://tvtonight.com.au/2016/06/viceland-to-replace-sbs-2.html|archive-date=18 October 2017}}</ref>

On 1 July 2019, SBS relaunched their former pay-TV movie channel, World Movies as [[SBS World Movies]] and it became a free-to-air channel.

On 12 January 2022, SBS announced that a sixth free-to-air television channel, with the working title [[SBS WorldWatch]], would be launched in 2022. The channel would be free to air and would broadcast all foreign-language bulletins currently broadcast on SBS and SBS Viceland, and new locally-produced news bulletins in Arabic and Mandarin Chinese in prime time. The Arabic and Mandarin bulletins launched on 15 February 2022 through [[SBS On Demand]], while the SBS WorldWatch channel itself was launched on 23 May.<ref>{{cite news|last=Quinn|first=Karl|title=Australian news in Mandarin and Arabic? It's about to hit free-to-air TV thanks to SBS|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/tv-and-radio/australian-news-in-mandarin-and-arabic-it-s-about-to-hit-free-to-air-tv-thanks-to-sbs-20220516-p5alrh.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=June 6, 2022|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Song|first=Darcy|title=SBS launches free-to-air multilingual news channel, SBS WorldWatch|url=https://mumbrella.com.au/sbs-launches-free-to-air-multilingual-news-channel-sbs-worldwatch-738288|work=[[Mumbrella]]|date=May 22, 2022|access-date=June 6, 2022}}</ref>