Editing Static program analysis (section)

== Rationale ==
The sophistication of the analysis performed by tools varies from those that only consider the behaviour of individual statements and declarations,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Khatiwada|first1=Saket|last2=Tushev|first2=Miroslav|last3=Mahmoud|first3=Anas|date=2018-01-01|title=Just enough semantics: An information theoretic approach for IR-based software bug localization|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950584916302269|journal=Information and Software Technology|language=en|volume=93|pages=45–57|doi=10.1016/j.infsof.2017.08.012|url-access=subscription}}</ref> to those that include the complete [[source code]] of a program in their analysis. The uses of the information obtained from the analysis vary from highlighting possible coding errors (e.g., the [[lint programming tool|lint]] tool) to [[formal methods]] that mathematically prove properties about a given program (e.g., its behaviour matches that of its specification).

[[Software metric]]s and [[reverse engineering]] can be described as forms of static analysis. Deriving software metrics and static analysis are increasingly deployed together, especially in creation of embedded systems, by defining so-called ''software quality objectives''.<ref>[http://web1.see.asso.fr/erts2010/Site/0ANDGY78/Fichier/PAPIERS%20ERTS%202010/ERTS2010_0035_final.pdf "Software Quality Objectives for Source Code"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604203133/http://web1.see.asso.fr/erts2010/Site/0ANDGY78/Fichier/PAPIERS%20ERTS%202010/ERTS2010_0035_final.pdf |date=2015-06-04 }} (PDF). ''Proceedings: Embedded Real Time Software and Systems 2010 Conference'', ERTS2010.org, Toulouse, France: Patrick Briand, Martin Brochet, Thierry Cambois, Emmanuel Coutenceau, Olivier Guetta, Daniel Mainberte, Frederic Mondot, Patrick Munier, Loic Noury, Philippe Spozio, Frederic Retailleau.</ref>

A growing commercial use of static analysis is in the verification of properties of software used in [[safety-critical]] computer systems and
locating potentially [[Vulnerability (computing)|vulnerable]] code.<ref>[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/livshits/papers/pdf/thesis.pdf ''Improving Software Security with Precise Static and Runtime Analysis''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605125310/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/livshits/papers/pdf/thesis.pdf |date=2011-06-05 }} (PDF), Benjamin Livshits, section 7.3 "Static Techniques for Security". Stanford doctoral thesis, 2006.</ref> For example, the following industries have identified the use of static code analysis as a means of improving the quality of increasingly sophisticated and complex software:

# [[Medical software]]: The US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) has identified the use of static analysis for medical devices.<ref>{{cite web |title = Infusion Pump Software Safety Research at FDA |author = FDA |publisher = Food and Drug Administration |date = 2010-09-08 |url = https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/GeneralHospitalDevicesandSupplies/InfusionPumps/ucm202511.htm |access-date = 2010-09-09 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100901084658/https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/GeneralHospitalDevicesandSupplies/InfusionPumps/ucm202511.htm |archive-date = 2010-09-01 }}</ref>
# Nuclear software: In the UK the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) recommends the use of static analysis on [[reactor protection system]]s.<ref>Computer based safety systems - technical guidance for assessing software aspects of digital computer based protection systems, {{cite web | title = Computer based safety systems | url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/operational/tech_asst_guides/tast046.pdf | archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130104193206/http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/operational/tech_asst_guides/tast046.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 4, 2013 |access-date=May 15, 2013 }}</ref>
# Aviation software (in combination with [[Dynamic program analysis|dynamic analysis]]).<ref>[http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/air_software/cast/cast_papers/media/cast-9.pdf Position Paper CAST-9. Considerations for Evaluating Safety Engineering Approaches to Software Assurance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006134233/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/air_software/cast/cast_papers/media/cast-9.pdf |date=2013-10-06 }} // FAA, Certification Authorities Software Team (CAST), January, 2002: "Verification. A combination of both static and dynamic analyses should be specified by the applicant/developer and applied to the software."</ref>
# Automotive & Machines (functional safety features form an integral part of each automotive product development phase, [[ISO 26262]], section 8).

A study in 2012 by VDC Research reported that 28.7% of the embedded software engineers surveyed use static analysis tools and 39.7% expect to use them within 2 years.<ref>
{{cite web | title=Automated Defect Prevention for Embedded Software Quality | last=VDC Research | publisher=VDC Research | date=2012-02-01 | url=http://alm.parasoft.com/embedded-software-vdc-report/ | access-date=2012-04-10 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411211422/http://alm.parasoft.com/embedded-software-vdc-report/ | archive-date=2012-04-11 }}</ref>
A study from 2010 found that 60% of the interviewed developers in European research projects made at least use of their basic IDE built-in static analyzers. However, only about 10% employed an additional other (and perhaps more advanced) analysis tool.<ref>Prause, Christian R., René Reiners, and Silviya Dencheva. "Empirical study of tool support in highly distributed research projects." Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2010 5th IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2010 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=%2Fielx5%2F5581168%2F5581493%2F05581551.pdf&authDecision=-203</ref>

In the application security industry the name [[static application security testing]] (SAST) is also used. SAST is an important part of [[Security Development Lifecycle]]s (SDLs) such as the SDL defined by Microsoft<ref>M. Howard and S. Lipner. The Security Development Lifecycle: SDL: A Process for Developing Demonstrably More Secure Software. Microsoft Press, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0735622142}}</ref> and a common practice in software companies.<ref>Achim D. Brucker and Uwe Sodan. [https://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/download/2014/brucker.ea-sast-expierences-2014.pdf Deploying Static Application Security Testing on a Large Scale] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021065105/http://www.brucker.ch/bibliography/download/2014/brucker.ea-sast-expierences-2014.pdf |date=2014-10-21 }}. In GI Sicherheit 2014. Lecture Notes in Informatics, 228, pages 91-101, GI, 2014. </ref>