Editing Steppe bison (section)

==Evolution==
Steppe bison are divided into three chronologically successive subspecies, ''Bison priscus gigas'' from the early [[Middle Pleistocene]] of Siberia and Eastern Europe, ''Bison priscus priscus'' from the late Middle Pleistocene spanning from Western Europe to Siberia, and the Late Pleistocene ''Bison priscus mediator.''<ref name=":4" />

The steppe bison first appeared during the mid Middle Pleistocene in eastern Eurasia,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Sorbelli|first1=Leonardo|last2=Alba|first2=David M.|last3=Cherin|first3=Marco|last4=Moullé|first4=Pierre-Élie|last5=Brugal|first5=Jean-Philip|last6=Madurell-Malapeira|first6=Joan|date=2021-06-01|title=A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379121001402|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|language=en|volume=261|pages=106933|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106933|bibcode=2021QSRv..26106933S |s2cid=235527116 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> subsequently dispersing westwards as far as Western Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kahlke|first1=Ralf-Dietrich|last2=García|first2=Nuria|last3=Kostopoulos|first3=Dimitris S.|last4=Lacombat|first4=Frédéric|last5=Lister|first5=Adrian M.|last6=Mazza|first6=Paul P. A.|last7=Spassov|first7=Nikolai|last8=Titov|first8=Vadim V.|date=2011-06-01|title=Western Palaearctic palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene inferred from large mammal communities, and implications for hominin dispersal in Europe|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110002829|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|series=Early Human Evolution in the Western Palaearctic: Ecological Scenarios|language=en|volume=30|issue=11|pages=1368–1395|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.020|bibcode=2011QSRv...30.1368K |issn=0277-3791|url-access=subscription}}</ref> During the late Middle Pleistocene, around 195,000-135,000 years ago, the steppe bison migrated across the [[Bering land bridge]] into North America,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Froese|first1=Duane|last2=Stiller|first2=Mathias|last3=Heintzman|first3=Peter D.|last4=Reyes|first4=Alberto V.|last5=Zazula|first5=Grant D.|last6=Soares|first6=André E. R.|last7=Meyer|first7=Matthias|last8=Hall|first8=Elizabeth|last9=Jensen|first9=Britta J. L.|last10=Arnold|first10=Lee J.|last11=MacPhee|first11=Ross D. E.|date=2017-03-28|title=Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=114|issue=13|pages=3457–3462|doi=10.1073/pnas.1620754114|issn=0027-8424|pmid=28289222|pmc=5380047 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114.3457F |doi-access=free }}</ref> becoming ancestral to endemic North American bison species, including the largest known bison, the long-horned ''[[Bison latifrons]],'' and the smaller ''[[Bison antiquus]],'' the latter of which is thought to be ancestral to modern [[American bison]].<ref name=":12" />