Editing Steve Backley (section)

==Career==
===Early life===
Backley was educated at Hurst Primary School, [[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]], and later at Bexley and Erith Technical High School for Boys (now [[Beths Grammar School]]) in his teens. He was a member of the [[List of sub-regions used in the London Plan#2008–2011|South East London]]-based Cambridge Harriers Athletics club,<ref>{{cite web |title=Olympians |website=cambridgeharriers.org |url=https://www.cambridgeharriers.org/olympians |access-date=5 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330140611/https://www.cambridgeharriers.org/olympians |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> and competed for Bexley in the [[London Youth Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonyouthgames.org/page.asp?section=23&sectionTitle=Hall+of+Fame|title=Hall of Fame retrieved 2013-02-19}}</ref> He enrolled at [[Loughborough University]] in October 1988 to study for a [[BSc]] [[Honours degree]] in [[physical education]], [[sports science]] and recreation management. Although he completed his first year there and remained a student until 2002, the time he dedicated to the [[javelin]] prevented him from completing his studies. However, on 16 December 2002 Loughborough University<ref>{{cite web |title=University Honours archive {{!}} Graduation {{!}} Loughborough University |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/honorary-graduates/archive/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=www.lboro.ac.uk}}</ref> honoured him with the degree of [[Doctor of Technology]] honoris causa.

Backley's first significant title, was won in 1987 when he threw 75.14 metres to pick up the [[Europe]]an junior title, ahead of [[Vladimir Sasimovich]] (73.24) of [[Russia]] and [[East German]] [[Raymond Hecht]] (72.78). In 1988, Backley won the silver medal at the 1988 [[1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]. He also broke the world junior record that year.

===1990–1993: World records===
In July 1990, Backley set a world record of 89.58m in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]].<ref name=Personally>{{cite web |url=https://www.personallyspeakingbureau.com/speaker/steve-backley/|title=Steve Backley – Personally Speaking Bureau|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref> The record was then bettered by the Czech thrower [[Jan Železný]] a few weeks later, but Backley then regained the record with a throw 90.98m at [[Crystal Palace National Sports Centre|Crystal Palace]], [[London]], to end the year as the world record holder. [[Finland]]'s [[Seppo Räty]] then bettered the record in 1991. The records set by Železný and Räty, as well as Backley's 90.98m throw, had all been made using new 'Nemeth' javelins, however in August 1991 the [[IAAF]] declared this type of javelin illegal and all records set using them were retrospectively deleted. As a consequence, the world record reverted to the 89.58m mark that Backley had set in 1990. Backley then set another world record of 91.46m in January 1992 in [[New Zealand]], a record which stood until 1993, when it was bettered by Železný.<ref name=Personally />

===2000 Olympics and 2001 World championships===
Backley started the year recovering from knee surgery throwing 82.19m against the [[United States|U.S.]] in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]. The injury forced him to withdraw from the European Cup Super League meeting in [[Gateshead]], [[England]] in early July. Due to injury his second competition came in August, taking second (85.84m) to [[Finland]]s [[Aki Parviainen]] in the [[Norwich Union]] Grand Prix and improved to 86.70m in winning the [[Amateur Athletic Association|AAA Championship]].

At [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] for the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] he beat the qualifying mark with his very first throw (83.74m), although the favourite, [[Jan Železný]], threw an enormous qualifying throw of 89.39m. In the final, Backley set a new Olympic record with his second throw of 89.95m, but in the third round two-time champion Železný threw a distance of 90.17m. Subsequent rounds did not see improvements from either competitor and again Železný won the gold medal ahead of Backley. [[Sergey Makarov (athlete)|Sergey Makarov]] took bronze.

With the [[2001 World Championships in Athletics]] to look forward to, he threw over ninety metres for the first time since 1992 at the British Grand Prix at [[Crystal Palace National Sports Centre|Crystal Palace]] on 22 July. He had trailed behind [[Latvia]]n [[Ēriks Rags]] (86.47) and [[United States|American]] [[Breaux Greer]] (85.91) who had both produced personal bests before he pulled out a huge 90.81 with his final throw.

This should have given him an enormous for boost for the worlds in [[Edmonton]], but on 10 August Backley had not taken his A-game to the show.  He could only manage 81.50 in the qualifying rounds and when both pools had finished this left him way down in thirteenth place.  One consolation was that his teammate [[Mick Hill (javelin thrower)|Mick Hill]] had qualified well, but even this good news was short lived as Mick unfortunately picked up an injury and only managed to record one distance in the final, finishing last.

[[Jan Železný]] took gold with a championship record of 92.80 ahead of Aki Parviainen (91.31) and [[Konstadinos Gatsioudis|Konstadinós Gatsioúdis]] of [[Greece]] (89.95). [[United States|American]], [[Breaux Greer]] once again increased his personal best to 87.00 in finishing one place outside the medals.

Such was his disgust at his performance he had been contemplating retirement but re-appeared in [[Gateshead]],{{citation needed|date=August 2008}} for the Norwich Union Classic and gained a little revenge by beating world silver medallist Aki Parviainen with a throw of 86.74. Of his six throws this day five of them would have qualified for final nine days earlier.

Backley then travelled to [[Brisbane]] in September to take part in the [[Goodwill Games]] but despite leading after two rounds, the up and down season continued and he could not improve to leave Jan Železný on top once again ahead of [[Ēriks Rags]] and [[Breaux Greer]].

===2002 Commonwealth and European champion===
It was going to be a busy with two major back-to-back competitions, the [[Commonwealth Games]] on 25 July – 4 August and the European Championships on 6–11 August .

On 31 July was the first test and with no major competition he knew that he had reclaimed his Commonwealth title after his very first throw of 86.81 in the City of [[Manchester]] Stadium. Runner up [[Scott Russell (athletics)|Scott Russell]] of [[Canada]] was nearly eight metres back with (78.98) and [[England]]'s bronze medallist [[Nick Nieland]] managed only 78.63.  This gave Backley a [[hat-trick]] of Commonwealth titles.

The [[2002 European Championships in Athletics#Field|European Championships]] in [[Munich]] would be much stiffer task with all of the World's leading exponents on show.  Producing an opening throw of 86.29 and then surpassing that marginally in the third with 86.37 it was obvious that he was in form but he still trailed behind [[Russia]]n leader [[Sergey Makarov (athlete)|Sergey Makarov]] who had sent out a massive 88.05 first round throw.

World record holder [[Jan Železný]] again found the European title beyond him and did not manage to record a distance so was eliminated after the third round. This seemed to inspire Backley and the reigning champion went half a metre past the leader in the fifth with 88.54.  Makarov couldn't respond to this and ended up with silver with [[Germany]]'s [[Boris Henry]] taking bronze with 85.33.  This fantastic achievement made Backley the first British athlete to win four consecutive [[European Championships in Athletics|European Championship]] golds.

===Closing career===
Backley began the year having problems with a [[knee injury]], but with an early season win in [[Sweden]] under his belt, and another victory on 13 July at the Norwich Union Grand Prix in Gateshead, throwing 85.69 to defeat Boris Henry (83.52) and Alexandr Ivanov (81.69), he put injury firmly behind him.

A couple of weeks later at the North Down International at [[Bangor, Northern Ireland|Bangor]] Northern Ireland his opening throw of 81.42m was once again good enough to see off the competition.

It was therefore disappointing when after managing to qualify for the final, only in seventh position, at the [[IAAF]] championship [[Stade de France]], [[Paris]], on the final weekend of August, his third and best throw of only 80.13m could not take him through to the last eight in the Sunday final.  Sergey Makarov took the title with 85.44 ahead of [[Andrus Värnik]] 85.17 and Boris Henry 84.74 with these all being recorded in the first round.

In Backley's final year of competition in 2004, where he was hoping to add to his Olympic medal haul, he struggled to find form and at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]] in [[Athens]], [[Greece]], in a wide-open field, he only made the final as the last non-automatic qualifier. In the final his third round throw of 84.13 metres pulled him up to fourth place but he could not improve on this and finished in that position unable to gain a medal at his fourth consecutive games.