Editing Stochastic (section)

==Etymology==
The word ''stochastic'' in English was originally used as an adjective with the definition "pertaining to conjecturing", and stemming from a Greek word meaning "to aim at a mark,  guess", and the Oxford English Dictionary gives the year 1662 as its earliest occurrence.<ref name="OxfordStochastic"/> In his work on probability ''Ars Conjectandi'', originally published in Latin in 1713, [[Jakob Bernoulli]]  used the phrase "Ars Conjectandi sive Stochastice", which has been translated to  "the art of conjecturing or stochastics".<ref name="Sheĭnin2006page5">{{cite book|author=O. B. Sheĭnin|title=Theory of probability and statistics as exemplified in short dictums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XqMZAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=NG Verlag|isbn=978-3-938417-40-9|page=5}}</ref> This phrase was used, with reference to Bernoulli, by [[Ladislaus Bortkiewicz]],<ref name="SheyninStrecker2011page136">{{cite book|author1=Oscar Sheynin|author2=Heinrich Strecker|title=Alexandr A. Chuprov: Life, Work, Correspondence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EJZqFIGxBIC&pg=PA9|year=2011|publisher=V&R unipress GmbH|isbn=978-3-89971-812-6|page=136}}</ref> who in 1917 wrote in German the word ''Stochastik'' with a sense meaning random.  The term ''stochastic process'' first appeared in English in a 1934 paper by  [[Joseph L. Doob]].<ref name="OxfordStochastic"/> For the term and a specific mathematical definition, Doob cited another 1934 paper, where the term ''stochastischer Prozeß''  was used in German by [[Aleksandr Khinchin]],<ref name="Doob1934">{{cite journal|last1=Doob|first1=Joseph|title=Stochastic Processes and Statistics|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=20|issue=6|year=1934|pages=376–379|doi=10.1073/pnas.20.6.376|pmc=1076423|pmid=16587907|bibcode=1934PNAS...20..376D|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Khintchine1934">{{cite journal|last1=Khintchine|first1=A.|title=Korrelationstheorie der stationeren stochastischen Prozesse|journal=Mathematische Annalen|volume=109|issue=1|year=1934|pages=604–615|issn=0025-5831|doi=10.1007/BF01449156|s2cid=122842868}}</ref> though the German term had been used earlier in 1931 by [[Andrey Kolmogorov]].<ref name="Kolmogoroff1931page1">{{cite journal|last1=Kolmogoroff|first1=A.|title=Über die analytischen Methoden in der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung|journal=Mathematische Annalen|volume=104|issue=1|year=1931|page=1|issn=0025-5831|doi=10.1007/BF01457949|s2cid=119439925}}</ref>