Editing Storm Shadow (section)

==Characteristics==
[[File:Microturbo TR60-30 - Musée Safran (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|A [[Microturbo TRI 60|Microturbo TRI 60-30]] expendable turbojet engine used by the Storm Shadow, [[Musée aéronautique et spatial Safran]]]]

The missile weighs about {{convert |1300|kg|lb}}, with a conventional warhead of {{convert|450|kg|lb}}. It has a maximum body diameter of {{convert |48|cm|in}} and a wingspan of {{convert |3|m|in|spell=in}}. It is propelled at Mach 0.8 by a [[Microturbo TRI 60|Microturbo TRI 60-30]] [[turbojet]] engine and has a range of approximately {{convert|250|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="rafequip">{{cite web |date=2019 |title=2019 STORM SHADOW datasheet |url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2019-STORM-SHADOW-datasheet.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628190340/https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2019-STORM-SHADOW-datasheet.pdf |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=20 November 2024 |publisher=MBDA}}</ref>

The weapon can be launched from a number of different aircraft—the [[Saab Gripen]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000]], [[Dassault Rafale]], the [[Panavia Tornado]], both the Italian Tornado IDS and formerly the British Tornado GR4 (now retired),<ref name="fas_storm_shadow">{{cite web |url= http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/casom.htm |title= Storm Shadow |publisher= [[Federation of American Scientists]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040603010411/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/casom.htm |archive-date= 3 June 2004 }}</ref> and a modified [[Sukhoi Su-24]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/su-24-fencer-is-ukraines-storm-shadow-missile-carrier|title=Su-24 Fencer Is Ukraine's Storm Shadow Missile Carrier|first=Thomas|last=Newdick|date=24 May 2023|website=The Drive}}</ref> Storm Shadow was integrated with the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]] as part of the Phase 2 Enhancement (P2E) in 2015,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eurofighter-flies-with-storm-shadow-missiles-393618/ |title= Eurofighter flies with Storm Shadow missiles |last =Hoyle |first =Craig |date=28 November 2013 |website= Flight Global |publisher= Reed Business Information |access-date=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{citation | title= Eurofighter Typhoon Gains Altitude | url= http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=dti&id=news/DTI-TYPHOON.xml | archive-url= https://archive.today/20120720031000/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=dti&id=news/DTI-TYPHOON.xml | url-status= dead | archive-date= 20 July 2012 | date= 14 January 2009 | first= Bill | last= Sweetman | publisher= Aviation Week | access-date= 20 March 2011 }}</ref>  but will not be fitted to the [[F-35 Lightning II]].<ref name="jsf_storm_shadow">{{cite web | publisher = Jane's | url = http://www.janes.com/article/57304/storm-shadow-dropped-from-uk-s-f-35b-follow-on-integration-plan | title = Storm Shadow dropped from UK's F-35B follow-on integration plan | access-date = 20 January 2016 | archive-date = 22 January 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160122235748/http://www.janes.com/article/57304/storm-shadow-dropped-from-uk-s-f-35b-follow-on-integration-plan | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The Storm Shadow's [[BROACH warhead]] features an initial penetrating charge to clear soil or enter a bunker, then a variable delay [[fuze]] to control [[detonation]] of the main warhead. Intended targets are command, control and communications centres; airfields; ports and power stations; ammunition management and storage facilities; surface ships and submarines in port; bridges and other high value strategic targets.

The missile is [[fire and forget]], programmed before launch. Once launched, it cannot be controlled or commanded to self-destroy and its target information cannot be changed. Mission planners programme the weapon with details of the target and its air defences. The missile follows a path semi-autonomously, on a low flight path guided by [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] and [[terrain mapping]] to the target area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Handy |first= Brian |date= August 2003|title= Royal Air Force Aircraft & Weapons |url= http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/0186cc2a_1143_ec82_2ef2bffff37857da.pdf |journal=DCC (RAF) Publications |access-date= 18 March 2016}}</ref> Close to the target, the missile climbs to increase its [[field of view]] and improve penetration, matches the target stored image with its [[Thermographic camera|IR camera]] and then dives into the target.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news | last =Eklund | first = Dylan | title= Fire and Brimstone: The RAF's 21st Century Missiles | work= RAF Magazine | pages= 19–25 | year= 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2023 |title=Technical Overview of the Storm Shadow Cruise Missile for Ukraine |url=https://www.designnews.com/industry/technical-overview-storm-shadow-cruise-missile-ukraine |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=designnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

Climbing to altitude is intended to achieve the best probability of target identification and penetration. During the final maneuver, the nose cone is jettisoned to allow a high resolution [[thermographic camera]] ([[infrared homing]]) to observe the target area. The missile then tries to locate its target based upon its targeting information ([[DSMAC]]). If it cannot, and there is a high risk of [[collateral damage]], the missile is capable of flying to a crash point instead of risking inaccuracy.<ref name="auto"/>

Enhancements reported in 2005 included the capability to relay target information just before impact and usage of one-way (link back) [[data link]] to relay battle damage assessment information back to the host aircraft, under development under a French DGA contract. At the time, inflight re-targeting capability using a two-way data link was planned.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://defense-update.com/products/s/storm-shadow.htm|title= Storm Shadow/SCALP EG Cruise Missile|work= Defense update|date= 27 January 2005|archive-date= 27 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210917/http://defense-update.com/products/s/storm-shadow.htm|url-status= dead}}</ref> In 2016, it was announced that Storm Shadow would be refurbished under the Selective Precision Effects At Range 4 ('''SPEAR 4''') missile project,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.contracts.mod.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SellingtoMOD_Ed22.pdf|title= Defence Suppliers Service|work= UK Ministry of Defence|access-date= 19 May 2016|archive-date= 13 October 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161013015234/https://www.contracts.mod.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SellingtoMOD_Ed22.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=mod-20170222>{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mod-signs-146-million-contract-to-upgrade-rafs-long-range-missile |title=MOD signs £146 million contract to upgrade RAF's long-range missile |publisher=Ministry of Defence |via=gov.uk |date=22 February 2017 |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref> with the upgrade being completed in 2022.<ref name=janes-20220228>{{cite news |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/update-mid-life-refurbishment-of-uk-storm-shadow-stockpile-nears-completion |title=Update: Mid-Life Refurbishment of UK Storm Shadow stockpile nears completion |last=Hughes |first=Robin |publisher=IHS |work=Janes |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>

Some reports suggest a reduced capability version complying with [[Missile Technology Control Regime]] (MTCR) restrictions was created for export, for example to the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref name=janes-19980408>{{cite news |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-98/USA-ANGRY-OVER-FRENCH-DECISION-TO-EXPORT-APACHE.html |title=USA angry over French decision to export Apache, Headlines |publisher=IHS |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=8 April 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605020920/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-98/USA-ANGRY-OVER-FRENCH-DECISION-TO-EXPORT-APACHE.html |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=missilethreat-20161202>{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/apache-ap/ |title=APACHE AP/ SCALP EG/ Storm Shadow/ SCALP Naval/ Black Shaheen |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |work=Missile Threat |orig-date=Modified 28 July 2021|date=2 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=armscontrolcenter-2017>{{cite web |url=https://armscontrolcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Missile-Technology-Control-Regime-MTCR-Factsheet.pdf |title=Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) |publisher=The Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation |year=2017 |access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>

The missile relies on classified US-owned cartographic data, using Terrain Contour Matching or [[TERCOM]], to guide the missile to the target. This gives the US government veto of any sales to foreign countries under [[International Traffic in Arms Regulations|ITAR]].<ref name=aerotime-20241119>{{cite web|title= UK, France maintain fog of war on Storm Shadow missile use for strikes in Russia |url= https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/uk-france-maintain-fog-of-war-on-storm-shadow-missile-use-for-strikes-in-russia/amp |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024|language=en|author=Clément Charpentreau |work=aerotime}}</ref> In 2018 the French government tried to bypass this by creating a "ITAR-free" version of the missile for sale to Egypt that didn't use TERCOM. The missiles would have relied solely on GPS and inertial navigation systems to get to the target, making the missile more vulnerable to electronic warfare.<ref>{{cite web|title=A jet sale to Egypt is being blocked by a US regulation, and France is over it |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2018/08/01/a-jet-sale-to-egypt-is-being-blocked-by-a-us-regulation-and-france-is-over-it/ |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024|language=en |author=Pierre Tran |work=defensenews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/industrie/aeronautique-defense/exportations-comment-mbda-desserre-le-noeud-coulant-des-etats-unis-itar-812016.html | title=Exportations : Comment MBDA desserre le nœud coulant des Etats-Unis (ITAR) | trans-title=Exports: How MBDA loosens the noose of the United States (ITAR) | date=27 March 2019 }}</ref> An issue in Ukraine, where Russian jams GPS signals, is that US approval and data is necessary for the missiles to operate to peak performance.<ref name=aerotime-20241119/><ref name=wato-20241118>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m00254cl |title=Former defence secretary Ben Wallace gives his view over the decision |people=Wallace, Ben |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |series=World at One |medium=Radio broadcast |time=18m34-18m53s |date=18 November 2024 |access-date=21 November 2024 |quote=''Ben Wallace'': We could use Storm Shadows just using GPS, right, just using satellite, but the resilience technologies we have in it relies on other technologies that puts us in areas that we have to rely on the United States in certain environments, and that's just the reality of it.}}</ref>