Editing Struwwelpeter (section)

==Background==
[[File:Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder für Kinder von 3 bis 6 Jahren 17.jpg|thumb|First stanza of ''The Struwwelpeter'' in the book (first edition, 1845)]]
Hoffmann wrote the book that would later be titled Struwwelpeter in reaction to what he perceived as a lack of good books for children. Intending to buy a picture book as a Christmas present for his three-year-old son, Hoffmann instead wrote and illustrated his own book.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=cotton>{{cite book |title=Picture Books Sans Frontières |last=Cotton |first=Penni  |year=2000 |publisher=Trentham Books |isbn=1-85856-183-3 |pages=11 }}</ref> At the time of producing it, Hoffmann had no intentions of publishing his book.<ref name=":0" />

===Publications===
The first appearance of Hoffmann's book outside his immediate family circle was in a meeting organized by Frankfurt literary club Tutti Frutti Society (''Gesellschaft der Tutti-Frutti'') on 18 January 1845. On the evening of that day, Zacharias Löwenthal, a co-founder of publishing company Literarische Anstalt, bought Hoffmann's book for 80 [[Gulden (currency)|gulden]]. Hoffmann later wrote that "[in] that night, at 11 o'clock, I had, almost without knowing what I had done, suddenly become an author of juvenile books."<ref name=":0" />

The book first appeared in the Frankfurt marketplace in October of that year under the title ''Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit 15 schön kolorierten Tafeln für Kinder von 3–6 Jahren'' ("funny stories and droll pictures with 15 beautifully coloured panels for children of 3–6 years"). The first version had its illustrations printed with [[Lithography|lithographic plates]] and colored by hand with [[Stencil|stencils]], the text was printed using [[typesetting]]. On 3 October, the book was advertised in the [[Börsenblatt]] for a retail price of 48 [[kreuzer]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1846, three other editions of the book were published. The second edition had 5,000 copies produced, each of which was priced at 57 kreuzer; Hoffmann's royalty was of 6.25 percent per copy. Hoffmann's name was only partially revealed in the second edition, where he used the pseudonym "Hoffmann Kinderslieb". His authorship of the book was, however, fully revealed to the public in an advertisement featured on a Frankfurter Konversationsblatt publication on 11 December 1846. Hoffmann's real name was only fully displayed in the fifth edition, which was published in 1847.<ref name=":0" />

The third edition was the first to be officially titled ''Struwwelpeter'', though the second edition had already been nicknamed as such by some book reviewers.<ref name=":0" />

===English editions===
The titles ''Struwelpeter'' and ''Strewelpeter'' have been used in multiple English editions of ''Struwwelpeter''. The name ''Slovenly Peter'' was first found in an 1849 American version of the book.<ref name=":0" />

British twin illustrators [[Janet and Anne Grahame Johnstone]] provided new illustrations for an English translation published in 1950.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===Copyright issues===
In 1847, ''Struwwelpeter''{{'s}} publishing house sued a Nuremberg publisher for printing the book on [[Broadsheet|broadsheets]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1851, the same organization sued publisher Christian Scholz on grounds that he had plagiarized ''Struwwelpeter'' by publishing translations of the book in English, Dutch and Swedish. Scholz lost the case and was sentenced to pay a fine of 1,040 gulden, along with court costs of 127 gulden. He was also ordered to destroy all [[Lithography|lithographic plates]] and unsold books in his inventory. This became one of the first copyright court cases in Germany.<ref name=":0" />

In 1891 [[Mark Twain]] wrote his own translation of the book, but because of copyright issues Twain's ''Slovenly Peter'' was not published until 1935, 25 years after his death.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ashton |first1=Susanna |last2=Petersen |first2=Amy Jean |date=1995 |title=Fetching the Jingle Along: Mark Twain's Slovenly Peter |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=english_pubs |journal=Children's Literature Association Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=36–41 |doi=10.1353/chq.0.0938 |s2cid=144102259 |id={{Project MUSE|249470}}|url-access=subscription }}</ref>