Editing Sumy (section)

== History ==
[[File:Coin of Ukraine Sumy R.jpg|upright=0.6|thumb|left|Commemorative coin from 2005 of Sumy's 350-year history]]
Sumy was founded by the Cossack [[Herasym Kondratyev]] from [[Stavyshche]], [[Bila Tserkva Regiment]] on the banks of the [[Psel River]], a tributary of the [[Dnieper]].<ref name=eohou>Bazhan, O.H., Vortman, D.Ya., Masliychuk, V.L. ''[http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Sumy_mst Sumy, regional center (СУМИ, ОБЛАСНИЙ ЦЕНТР)]''. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.</ref> Whether it was founded in 1652 or 1655 remains a subject of discussion.<ref name=eohou/> In 1656–58 at the site of the Sumyn early settlement, under the leadership of the Muscovite [[voivode]] K. Arsenyev, a city fort was built, consisting of a fort and a [[Gord (archaeology)|grad]] (town).<ref name=eohou/> 

In the 1670s, Sumy was expanded with the addition of a fortified ''[[posad]]'' (craftsman town), after which it became the biggest fortress in [[Sloboda Ukraine]].<ref name=eohou/> From 1658 onwards, Sumy was the center of the Sumy Cossack Regiment (military unit and local administrative division).<ref name=eohou/> In the 1680s, unfortified suburbs began to develop around the city.<ref name=eohou/>

At the end of the 17th century, Sumy played a role as a collection point for Muscovite troops during the [[Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689]].<ref name=eohou/> During the [[Great Northern War]], from December 1708 to January 1709, the city was the ''[[stavka]]'' (headquarters) of the Muscovite Chief of Commander headed by Tsar [[Peter the Great]].<ref name=eohou/> Established under the leadership of Prince A. Shakhovskoy, the Commission on streamlining the Sloboda Cossack regiments was located in 1734–43 in Sumy.<ref name=eohou/> From its establishment and until the liquidation of Cossackdom in [[Sloboda Ukraine]] in 1765, the Cossack officer family of Kondratyevs exercised great influence over the city.<ref name=eohou/>

[[File:Суми. Sumy. 1897.png|thumb|left|Central Sumy in 1897]]
Following the liquidation of the Cossack community in 1765, the Sumy Cossack Regiment as an administrative division was turned into Sumy Province of the newly created [[Sloboda Ukraine Governorate]] and the city of Sumy became its center.<ref name=eohou/> In 1780 Sumy was turned into a centre of [[Sumy uyezd]].<ref name=eohou/> In 1786-89 the city was reformed by removing its city fort [[vallum]]s.<ref name=eohou/> 

After a period of stagnation (1765–1860s), Sumy began to transform into a big industrial and trade center with Paul's Sugar-Refining Factory (est. 1869 by I.Kharytonenko) and the Sumy Engineering Workshops (est. 1896, producing equipment for sugar refineries).<ref name=eohou/> With the construction of a railroad [[Vorozhba]] – [[Merefa]], the Sumy train station was built in the city in January 1877.<ref name=eohou/> Various families of philanthropist industrialists, the most famous of which were the Kharytonenkos, contributed greatly to the development of Sumy.<ref name=eohou/>

During the [[Revolution of 1905]], Sumy was one of several areas which became famous throughout Russia for having established an independent [[peasant republic]] - the Sumy Republic was established by a peasant union.<ref>Figes, Orlando: ''A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924''. The Bodley Head, London (2014). p. 183</ref>

===World War II===
[[File:Братська могила Лучанське кладовище Суми.jpg|thumb|left|Mass grave of soldiers fallen in World War II]]
During the [[Nazi Germany|German]] occupation of Ukraine during [[World War II]] (1941–1944), Sumy sustained heavy damage and was occupied from 10 October 1941 to 2 September 1943. In February 1942, some 1,000 Jews were murdered in Sumy in two large-scale operations. In May-June that year, the Germans and their Hungarian allies killed an additional several dozen Jews, along with thirty Roma. Some 250 Hungarian Jews were also murdered in Sumy during the occupation period.<ref>[https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/untold-stories/community/14622525 Sumy, Yad Vashem]</ref> The Germans operated a Nazi prison,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=801|title=Gefängnis Sumy|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 February 2022|language=de}}</ref> a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] battalion for [[Jews]] and Stalag 308 [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100002303|title=Jüdisches Arbeitsbataillon Sumy|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 February 2022|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=293|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref>

In January 1944, the 1st Reserve Infantry Regiment of the 1st Corps of the [[Polish Armed Forces in the East|Polish Armed Forces]] was stationed in Sumy, and soon the Main Formation Staff of the [[First Polish Army (1944–1945)|First Polish Army]] was established in Sumy.<ref name=hs>{{cite book|last=Stańczyk|first=Henryk|year=2021|title=Gorzki smak zwycięstwa. Polski bilans II wojny światowej|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Museum of Independence|Muzeum Niepodległości]], [[Museum of the Polish Peasant Movement|Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego]]|pages=105, 107|chapter=Wojsko Polskie na froncie wschodnim 1943–1945|isbn=978-83-66640-32-0}}</ref> In 1944, about 30,000 Polish soldiers were stationed and underwent military training in Sumy before rejoining the fight against Nazi Germany.<ref name=hs/>

After the war, the destroyed parts of the city were rebuilt.

===Russian invasion===
[[File:Storage building in Sumy after shelling during Russian invasion, 18 March 2022 (01).jpg|thumb|left|Storage building in Sumy after Russian shelling, 18 March 2022]]
On 24 February 2022, the first day of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Sumy came under [[Battle of Sumy|attack by Russian forces]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Battles against Russian occupiers ongoing near Shchastia, Sumy, Hostomel Airport|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3411711-battles-against-russian-occupiers-ongoing-near-shchastia-sumy-hostomel-airport.html|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.ukrinform.net|date=24 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

On 4 April 2022 [[Governor of Sumy Oblast]] [[Dmytro Zhyvytskyi]] stated that Russian troops no longer occupied any towns or villages in [[Sumy Oblast]] and had mostly withdrawn, while Ukrainian troops were working to push out the remaining units.<ref>[https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/russian-troops-no-longer-hold-any-settlements-in-ukraines-sumy-region-says-governor Russian troops no longer hold any settlements in Ukraine's Sumy region, says governor], [[National Post]] (4 April 2022)</ref> On 8 April, Governor Zhyvytskyi stated that all Russian troops had left Sumy Oblast, while adding that the territory of the region was still unsafe due to rigged explosives and other ammunition left behind by Russian troops.<ref>[https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/8/7338013/ Sumy region liberated from Russian troops], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (8 April 2022)</ref>

On 13 April 2025, Russia launched a [[2025 Sumy airstrike|missile strike against Sumy]] that killed at least 36 people.
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