Editing Supermodel (section)

== History ==

===Origins===
An early use of the term ''supermodel'' appeared in 1891, in an interview with artist [[Henry Stacy Marks]] for ''[[The Strand Magazine]]'', in which Marks told journalist Harry How, "A good many models are addicted to drink, and, after sitting a while, will suddenly go to sleep. Then I have had what I call the 'super' model. You know the sort of man; he goes in for theatrical effect&nbsp;..."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Illustrated Interviews. No. II. – Henry Stacy Marks, R.A|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UeIvAAAAMAAJ&q=%22super%20model%22&pg=PA118|page=118|date=July–December 1891|first=Harry|last=How|editor=Geo. Newnes|journal=The Strand Magazine|volume= 2|access-date=11 August 2011}}</ref> On 6 October 1942, a writer named Judith Cass had used the term ''super model'' for her article in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', which headlined "Super Models Are Signed for Fashion Show".<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com Chicago Tribune archives] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223192745/http://www.chicagotribune.com/ |date=23 February 2010 }} Cass, Judith. ''Chicago Daily Tribune''. {{"'}}Super' Models Are Signed for Fashion Show" 6 October 1942. pg 21.</ref> Later in 1943, an agent named Clyde Matthew Dessner used the term in a "how-to" book about modeling, entitled ''So You Want to Be a Model!'', in which Dessner wrote, "She will be a super-model, but the girl in her will be like the girl in you—quite ordinary, but ambitious and eager for personal development."<ref>{{cite book |last=Dessner |first=Clyde M. |date=1943 |title=So You Want to Be a Model! The Art of Feminine Living |location=Chicago |publisher=Morgan-Dillon & Co |oclc=3193185}}</ref><ref name=Americandialect>{{cite web|url=http://www.americandialect.org/americandialectarchives/aug97103.html|title=Supermodels|author=Popik, Barry|date=13 August 1997|quote=She will be a super-model, but the girl in her will be like the girl in you—quite ordinary, but ambitious and eager for personal development.|publisher=Americandialect.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927012531/http://www.americandialect.org/americandialectarchives/aug97103.html|archive-date=27 September 2011|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> According to ''Model: The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women'' by [[Michael Gross (journalist)|Michael Gross]], the term ''supermodel'' was first used by Dessner in the 1940s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gross |first1=Michael |author1-link=Michael Gross (journalist) |title=Model: The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women |date=2011 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=New York|isbn=978-0062076120 |page=12 |url={{google books|id=oc2utNlf_AYC|plainurl=y|p=12}}}}</ref> In 1949, ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]'' magazine referred to [[Anita Colby]], the highest paid model at the time,<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Cinema: Cover Girl|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775317,00.html|magazine=Time|date=8 January 1945|access-date=11 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926080038/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775317,00.html|archive-date=26 September 2011}}</ref> as a "super model": "She's been super model, super movie saleswoman, and top brass at [[Selznick International Pictures|Selznick]] and [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]]."<ref>{{cite book|title=Hearst's International Combined with Cosmopolitan|volume=126|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7VXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22super+model%22|year=1949|page=33|quote=She's been super model, super movie saleswoman, and top brass at Selznick and Paramount|access-date=11 August 2011}}</ref> On 18 October 1959, Vancouver's ''Chinatown News'' described Susan Chew as a "super model".<ref>{{cite news|title=Town Talk|url=http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/467868|page=11|work=Chinatown News (Vancouver)|volume=7|number=4|date=18 October 1959|publisher=Chinese Publicity Bureau|quote=For this glittering program they called on super model Susan Chew to do the organizing.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421014508/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/node/467868|archive-date=21 April 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Lisa Fonssagrives at Paddington Station, London, 1951.jpg|thumb|[[Lisa Fonssagrives]] at [[London Paddington station]], 1951|alt=|left]]

The term ''supermodel'' had also been used several times in the media in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1965, the encyclopedic guide ''American Jurisprudence Trials'' used the term "super model" ("...at issue was patient's belief that her husband was having an affair with a super model").<ref>{{cite book|title=American Jurisprudence Trials|volume=8|page=154|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3JAAAAAIAAJ&q=%22affair+with+a+super-model%22 |publisher=West Group|year=1965}}</ref> On 21 March 1967, ''[[The New York Times]]'' referred to [[Twiggy]] as a supermodel;<ref name="oed.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/334327?redirectedFrom=supermodel& |title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary |website=Oed.com |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> the February 1968 article of ''[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]'' listed all 19 "supermodels"; ''[[The Chicago Defender|The Chicago Daily Defender]]'' wrote "New York Designer Turns Super Model" in January 1970; ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and the ''[[Mansfield News Journal]]'' used the term in 1971; and in 1974, both the ''Chicago Tribune'' and ''[[The Advocate (Newark)|The Advocate]]'' used the term "supermodel" in their articles.<ref name=BarryPopik>BarryPopik.com [http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/superman_superstar_supermodel/ Supermodel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130120102/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/superman_superstar_supermodel/ |date=30 January 2016 }} 25 July 2004</ref> American [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'']] used the term "super-model" to describe [[Jean Shrimpton]] in the 15 October 1965 edition, and "supermodel" on the cover page to describe [[Margaux Hemingway]] in the 1 September 1975 edition.<ref>[http://img.inkfrog.com/pix/cooperama/DL726TALSFST.jpg ''Vogue'' cover scan. 1 September 1975 edition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228203741/http://img.inkfrog.com/pix/cooperama/DL726TALSFST.jpg |date=28 February 2012 }}. Archived from Ebay.co.uk. Subheadline says, "New York's new supermodel, Margaux Hemingway".</ref> Hemingway was again described as a "supermodel" in the 25 July 1977 edition of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.<ref name="oed.com"/> ''[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]'' also described [[Beverly Johnson]] as a "supermodel" in the 22 December 1977 edition.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&dq=%22super-model "Words of the Week: Beverly Johnson"] 22 December 1977. ''Jet''. Vol. 53, No. 14, page 40.</ref>

Model [[Janice Dickinson]] has incorrectly stated that she coined the term ''supermodel'' in 1979, as a compound of [[Superman]] and model.<ref name="janiceinstinct">Dickinson, Janice. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071207182913/http://instinctmagazine.com/celebrity-interviews/janice-dickinson.html Instinct Magazine: Janice Dickinson] Archived from [http://instinctmagazine.com/celebrity-interviews/janice-dickinson.html original link]. 1 June 2006. InstinctMagazine.com. Retrieved 9 June 2009.</ref> During an interview with ''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'', Dickinson stated that her agent, Monique Pilar of [[Elite Model Management]], asked her, "Janice, who do you think you are, Superman?" She replied, "No&nbsp;... I'm a supermodel, honey, and you will refer to me as a supermodel and you will start a supermodel division." Dickinson also claims to have been the first supermodel.<ref name="janiceinstinct" />

[[Lisa Fonssagrives]] is widely considered to have been the world's first supermodel, with a career that began in the 1930s.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{cite journal|first=Rosemary|last=Ranck|title=The First Supermodel|journal=The New York Times|date=9 February 1997|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E2DE153DF93AA35751C0A961958260|access-date=21 July 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112023828/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E2DE153DF93AA35751C0A961958260|archive-date=12 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Christian Dior: Lisa Fonssagrives lives|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2008-07/01/content_6809682.htm|work=China Daily|date=1 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065939/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2008-07/01/content_6809682.htm|archive-date=6 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Photographs of Angelina Jolie, Kate Moss and Britney Spears for sale at Christie's|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/3452390/Photographs-of-Angelina-Jolie-Kate-Moss-and-Britney-Spears-for-sale-at-Christies.html|author=Singh, Anita|date=13 November 2008|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130449/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/3452390/Photographs-of-Angelina-Jolie-Kate-Moss-and-Britney-Spears-for-sale-at-Christies.html|archive-date=18 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pictures: Original stills from JFK assassination revealed|url=http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Pictures_Worlds_first_supermodel_Original_1963_stills_from_JFK_assassination_revaled_news_150431.html|date=19 October 2007|author=Cheesman, Chris|work=Amateur Photographer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024123057/http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Pictures_Worlds_first_supermodel_Original_1963_stills_from_JFK_assassination_revaled_news_150431.html|archive-date=24 October 2007}}</ref> She was in most of the major fashion magazines and general interest magazines from the 1930s to the 1950s, including ''[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]]'', ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', ''Vogue'', the original ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'', and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=On the life and work of photographer Beatrice Tonnesen|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/March-2010/On-the-life-and-work-of-photographer-Beatrice-Tonnesen/|publisher=Chicagomag.com|author=Johnson, Geoffrey|date=March 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103032939/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/March-2010/On-the-life-and-work-of-photographer-Beatrice-Tonnesen/|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> [[Evelyn Nesbit]] (with a career launched around 1900)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20141222-the-worlds-first-supermodel |title=Evelyn Nesbit: The World's first supermodel |first=Lindsay |last=Baker |website=BBC |date=4 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref> and [[Dorian Leigh]] (her career launched in 1944) have also been called the world's first supermodel,<ref>{{cite news|title=Archetypal supermodel was more than a face|date=16 July 2008 |work=The Australian |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/executive-lifestyle/archetypal-supermodel-was-more-than-a-face/story-e6frg8k6-1111116922247}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/world/215214-worlds-first-supermodel-dies|title=World's first supermodel dies|date=11 July 2008|publisher=Metro.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001114638/http://www.metro.co.uk/news/world/215214-worlds-first-supermodel-dies|archive-date=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dorian Leigh Remembered|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/080714-dorian-leigh-remembered.aspx|work=Vogue|date=14 July 2008|author=Bumpus, Jessica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227094115/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/080714-dorian-leigh-remembered.aspx|archive-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> as well as [[Jean Shrimpton]] (early 1960s),<ref>{{cite book|title=From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century|author=Mansour, David|page=430|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1ruwF6xYNIC&q=jean+shrimpton+first+supermodel&pg=PA430|isbn=0-7407-5118-2|year=2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Advocate|author=Busch, Charles|title=He's Every Woman |page=60 |date=24 January 1995 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WMEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22world%27s+first+supermodel%22&pg=PA60}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Model Jean Shrimpton recollects the stir she caused on Victoria Derby Day in 1965 |work=Herald Sun |location=Australia |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/special-reports/model-jean-shrimpton-recollects-the-stir-she-caused-on-victoria-derby-day-in-1965/story-e6frf8wx-1225792003365 |date=28 October 2009 |author=Magee, Antonia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614143243/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/special-reports/model-jean-shrimpton-recollects-the-stir-she-caused-on-victoria-derby-day-in-1965/story-e6frf8wx-1225792003365 |archive-date=14 June 2011  }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Normal at Any Cost: Tall Girls, Short Boys, and the Medical Industry's Quest to Manipulate Height |publisher=Penguin |author=Susan Cohen, Christine Cosgrove |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-58542-683-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/normalatanycostt00cohe|url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/normalatanycostt00cohe/page/9 9] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.milesago.com/Features/shrimpton.htm |title=Jean Shrimpton in Melbourne |publisher=Milesago.com |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303183125/http://www.milesago.com/Features/shrimpton.htm |archive-date=3 March 2011  }}</ref> and [[Gia Carangi]] (late 1970s).<ref name=independent>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article311535.ece |title=Gia: The tragic tale of the world's first supermodel |first=Paul |last=Vallely |date=10 September 2005 |access-date=28 May 2007 |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101071428/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article311535.ece |archive-date=1 January 2008  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  | last = Carolin
  | first = Louise
  | title = Gia – the tragedy of a lesbian supermodel
  | work = [[Diva (magazine)|Diva]]
  | url = http://www.divamag.co.uk/diva/features.asp?AID=2076
  | access-date = 17 January 2008
  | url-status = dead
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070325034239/http://www.divamag.co.uk/diva/features.asp?AID=2076
  | archive-date = 25 March 2007
  | df = dmy-all
  }}
</ref>

Dutch-born model [[Wilhelmina Cooper]] holds the record for most covers on American ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', appearing 27 or 28 times throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Cooper would go on to found [[Wilhelmina Models]] modeling and talent agency in 1967.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Wilhelmina International, Inc. Annual Report 2008|title=Dear Shareholder|url=http://www.wilhelmina.com/investordocs/WHLM08AR.pdf|page=3|last=Schwarz|first=Mark|year=2008|publisher=Wilhelmina.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211214107/http://wilhelmina.com/investordocs/WHLM08AR.pdf|archive-date=11 February 2011}}</ref>

===1960s–1970s===
In February 1968, an article in ''[[Glamour magazine|Glamour]]'' described 19 models as "supermodels": [[Cheryl Tiegs]], [[Veruschka von Lehndorff|Veruschka]], Lisa Palmer, [[Peggy Moffitt]], Sue Murray, [[Twiggy]], [[Sunny Harnett]], [[Marisa Berenson]], Gretchen Harris, Heide Wiedeck, Irish Bianchi, [[Hiroko Matsumoto]], Anne de Zogheb, Kathy Carpenter, [[Jean Shrimpton]], [[Jean Patchett]], [[Benedetta Barzini]], Claudia Duxbury and [[Agneta Frieberg]].<ref name=BarryPopik /><ref>Cokal, Susann. St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. 1999. Michigan: Gale Group.</ref>

[[File:Worldwide famous model Margot Hemingway was a guest of the IDF Shekem Company (FL62419504) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Margaux Hemingway]] in 1976. In 1975, Hemingway landed a then-unprecedented million-dollar contract as the face of [[Fabergé (cosmetics)|Fabergé]]'s Babe perfume ]]
In the 1970s is when many consider the origination of the supermodel, some models becoming more prominent as their names became more recognizable to the general public by commercial endorsements, magazine covers,posters, securing large sums of money for cosmetic contracts, TV appearances and movie roles. ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' editor [[Jule Campbell]] abandoned then-current modeling trends for its fledgling [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated'' Swimsuit Issue]] by photographing "bigger and healthier" California models,<ref name=Slate>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2113612/|title=The Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue: An intellectual history|author=Curtis, Bryan|access-date=11 November 2007|date=16 February 2005|publisher=Washington Post. Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC|work=Slate|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071127013208/http://slate.com/id/2113612/|archive-date=27 November 2007}}</ref> and captioning the photographs with their names, turning many of them into household names and establishing the swimsuit issue as a cornerstone of supermodel status.<ref name=Slate/>

In 1973, [[Lauren Hutton]] became the first model to receive a contract from a cosmetics company, when [[Revlon]] hired her to sell their Ultima line.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/24/tv/signoff-maybe-late-night-success-is-about-the-smile.html |title=SIGNOFF; Maybe Late-Night Success Is About The Smile |work=The New York Times |date=24 September 1995 |access-date=6 September 2009 |first=James |last=Barron |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405164129/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/24/tv/signoff-maybe-late-night-success-is-about-the-smile.html |archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/lauren-hutton |work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |title=The Iconoclast: Lauren Hutton |date=28 August 2013 |last=Lyons |first=Jenna}}</ref> She has also appeared on the cover of ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' 26 times.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/vogue-covers-models-facts-history|title=Vogue Fun Facts by the Numbers|work=Vogue|access-date=9 February 2018|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210003002/https://www.vogue.com/article/vogue-covers-models-facts-history|archive-date=10 February 2018}}</ref> [[Naomi Sims]] is considered to be the first black supermodel. [[Donyale Luna]], [[Beverly Johnson]] and [[Iman (model)|Iman]] have also been referred to as the first black supermodel. <ref>[http://www.teenvogue.com/beauty/beautywork/2007/03/iman Iman: Supermodel and Beauty Innovator] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216131647/http://www.teenvogue.com/beauty/beautywork/2007/03/iman |date=16 February 2010}}, [[Teen Vogue]].</ref>

In 1975, Margaux Hemingway landed a then-unprecedented million-dollar contract as the face of [[Fabergé (cosmetics)|Fabergé]]'s Babe perfume and the same year, appeared on the cover of ''Time'' magazine, labelled as one of the "New Beauties", giving further name recognition to fashion models.

[[Christie Brinkley]] has the distinction of having the longest running cosmetics contract of any model in history when she represented CoverGirl for twenty five years.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Fonseca |first=Nicholas |url=https://ew.com/article/2001/06/29/papas-little-girl/ |title=Entertainment Weekly: "Papa's Little Girl" |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=29 June 2001 |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106020603/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,256227,00.html |archive-date=6 January 2010  }}</ref>

[[Anna Bayle]], a Filipino-born model who rose to prominence in the 1970s, has been cited as one of the first Southeast Asian supermodels.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/is-this-the-time-of-the-a_b_828990|title=Is This the Time of the Asian Model?|author=Carreon, Blue|date=2011-02-28|website=[[HuffPost]]|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icepop.com/original-supermodels-careers/|title=These Original Supermodels Continue to Wow the Fashion World|website=www.icepop.com|date=2017-11-22|access-date=2018-06-08|archive-date=2018-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608073407/http://www.icepop.com/original-supermodels-careers/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Donyale Luna]] was the first black model to appear in [[British Vogue|British ''Vogue'']], in March 1966.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/black-fashion-model-donyale-luna_n_1246588 |title=Donyale Luna, The First Black Model To Cover Vogue UK (PHOTO)|first=Julee|last=Wilson|date=1 February 2012|work=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> [[Naomi Sims]], who is sometimes regarded as the first black supermodel, became the first African American to feature on the cover of ''[[Ladies' Home Journal]]'', in 1968.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/fashion/04sims.html?scp=304&sq=supermodel&st=cse |title=Naomi Sims, 61, Pioneering Cover Girl, Is Dead |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 July 2011 |location=New York |date=3 August 2009 |first=Eric |last=Wilson |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115061635/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/fashion/04sims.html?scp=304&sq=supermodel&st=cse |archive-date=15 November 2012  }}</ref> The first African American model to be on the cover of American ''Vogue'' was Beverly Johnson in 1974.<ref>Joy Sewing [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/features/6583995.html Beverly Johnson's got the right attitude] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826163234/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/features/6583995.html |date=26 August 2009 }} ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''. Retrieved 23 August 2009</ref> [[Pat Cleveland]], another prominent African-American model, has also been described as one of the first black supermodels, in particular by former editor-at-large for American ''Vogue'' [[André Leon Talley]], in an article for the June 1980 issue of ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]'' magazine,<ref>[http://www.blackgirlsruleonline.com/black-history-70s-model-pat-cleveland/ Black Girls Rule Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407063913/http://www.blackgirlsruleonline.com/black-history-70s-model-pat-cleveland/ |date=7 April 2016 }} retrieved 27 March 2016.</ref> and again in his 2003 memoir.<ref>[http://www.vogue.com/12280074/anna-cleveland-skincare-makeup-secrets-paris-fashion-week/ ''Vogue'':] Model Anna Cleveland on Beauty Advice from Her Supermodel Mother and the One Product That's in Her Makeup Bag This Week. 8, 25 March. Retrieved 27 March 2016.</ref>

===1980s===
[[File:Elle Macpherson 2011.jpg|thumb|[[Elle Macpherson]], nicknamed "The Body" by ''Time'' magazine|236x236px]]

In October 1981, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' cited [[Shelley Hack]], Lauren Hutton, and [[Iman (model)|Iman]] for [[Revlon]], Margaux Hemingway for [[Faberge (cosmetics)|Fabergé]], [[Karen Graham]] for [[Estée Lauder Companies|Estée Lauder]], [[Cristina Ferrare]] for [[Max Factor]], and Cheryl Tiegs for [[CoverGirl]] by proclaiming them the "million dollar faces" of the beauty industry. These supermodels negotiated previously unheard of lucrative and exclusive deals with the giant cosmetics companies, were instantly recognizable, and their names became well known to the general public.<ref>Best–Selling Beauties, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' October 1981, page 120</ref>

In the early 1980s, [[Inès de La Fressange]] was the first model to sign an exclusive modeling contract with an [[haute couture]] fashion house, [[Chanel]].<ref>Paris Haute Couture Fashion Week: Gaultier's 51-Year-Old Runway Star: Inès de la Fressange</ref> During the early 1980s, fashion designers began advertising on television and [[billboard]]s. [[Runway (fashion)|Catwalk]] regulars like [[Gia Carangi]],<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|first=Justine|last=Elias|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/25/tv/cover-story-a-chic-heroine-but-not-a-pretty-story.html|title=A Chic Heroine, but Not a Pretty Story|work=The New York Times|date=25 January 1998|access-date=24 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403075408/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/25/tv/cover-story-a-chic-heroine-but-not-a-pretty-story.html|archive-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> Tiegs,<ref name="NYT" /> Christie Brinkley,<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/07/19/models-media-bundchen-biz-media-cz_kb_0716topmodels.html |title=The World's Top-Earning Models-Forbes Magazine |work=Forbes |date=19 July 2007 |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302165151/http://www.forbes.com/2007/07/19/models-media-bundchen-biz-media-cz_kb_0716topmodels.html |archive-date=2 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/8503/Christie-Brinkley/biography |title=Christie Brinkley's biography in the New York Times |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520111223/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/8503/Christie-Brinkley/biography |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2011 |archive-date=20 May 2011  }}</ref> [[Kim Alexis]],<ref name="NYT" /> [[Paulina Porizkova]], [[Yasmin Le Bon]], [[Kathy Ireland]],<ref name=forbes3>{{cite news |last=Pomerantz |first=Dorothy |title=How Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Model Kathy Ireland Became a $350 Million Mogul |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/02/08/how-sports-illustrated-swimsuit-model-kathy-ireland-became-a-350-million-mogul/ |work=Forbes |access-date=6 July 2012 |date=8 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624102707/http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/02/08/how-sports-illustrated-swimsuit-model-kathy-ireland-became-a-350-million-mogul/ |archive-date=24 June 2012}}</ref> [[Brooke Shields]], and [[Elle Macpherson]] began to endorse products with their names, as well as their faces, through the marketing of brands, such as [[Diet Pepsi]] and [[Ford Motor Company|Ford trucks]]. In 1980, 14-year-old Shields was the youngest fashion model ever to appear on the cover of ''Vogue''. Later that same year, Shields appeared in controversial print and TV ads for [[Calvin Klein]] jeans. The TV ad included her saying the famous tagline, "You want to know what comes between me and my Calvins? Nothing."<ref>Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2008</ref><ref>Sischy, Ingrid. "Calvin to the Core"</ref><ref>Style.com Brooke Shields</ref> Brooke Shields' ads would help catapult Klein's career to super-designer status.<ref>Hall, Ann C. (1998). Delights, desires and dilemmas: essays on women and the media. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. xii. {{ISBN|0-275-96156-7}}</ref>

As the models began to embrace old-style [[glamour (presentation)|glamour]], they were starting to replace film stars as symbols of luxury and wealth. In this regard, supermodels were viewed not so much as individuals but as images.<ref name="br">[http://www.bookrags.com/research/1980s-fashion-bbbb-05/supermodels-bbbb-05.html 1980s: Fashion: Supermodels] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704024657/http://www.bookrags.com/research/1980s-fashion-bbbb-05/supermodels-bbbb-05.html |date=4 July 2007 }} bookrags.com. Retrieved 23 July 2007.</ref>

===1990s===
[[File:Claudia Schiffer Césars 1993.jpg|thumb|left| [[Claudia Schiffer]] rose to prominence in the 1990s as a face of [[Chanel]].|253x253px]]

By the 1990s, the supermodel became increasingly prominent in the media.<ref name="3queens">"We Three Queens" by Alex Williams, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' [http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/anniversary/35th/n_8578/ online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228071729/http://www.newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/anniversary/35th/n_8578/ |date=28 February 2006 }} retrieved 7 July 2006</ref> The title became tantamount to [[superstar]], to signify a supermodel's fame having risen simply from "personality".<ref>{{cite web|last1=MIRANDA BRYANT|first1=ALEX BILMES|title=Cindy Crawford: It's not so super for models now ... magazines want stars on their covers|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/cindy-crawford-its-not-so-super-for-models-now-magazines-want-stars-on-their-covers-9977058.html|work=London Evening Standard|date=14 January 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930232854/http://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/cindy-crawford-its-not-so-super-for-models-now-magazines-want-stars-on-their-covers-9977058.html|archive-date=30 September 2015}}</ref> Supermodels did talk shows, were cited in gossip columns, partied at the trendiest nightspots,<ref name="br"/> landed movie roles, inspired franchises, dated or married film stars, and earned themselves millions.<ref name="forbes"/> Fame empowered them to take charge of their careers, to market themselves, and to command higher fees.

The new era began in 1990, with the era-defining British ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' cover<ref name="Grdn2023">{{cite news |last1=Cochrane |first1=Lauren |title=Supermodels recreate iconic Vogue cover 30 years on |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/aug/11/supermodels-recreate-iconic-vogue-cover-30-years-on |access-date=13 August 2023 |publisher=The Guardian |date=11 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first = Lauren|last = Milligan|title = Cindy Sees: Cindy Crawford talks Recession and Size Zero|url = http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2009/11/16/cindy-crawford-talks-recession-and-size-zero|website = www.vogue.co.uk|publisher = Vogue UK|date = 16 November 2009|access-date = 21 December 2015|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123650/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2009/11/16/cindy-crawford-talks-recession-and-size-zero|archive-date = 22 December 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> of [[Cindy Crawford]], [[Christy Turlington]], [[Linda Evangelista]], [[Naomi Campbell]], and [[Tatjana Patitz]],<ref>[http://www.vogue.co.uk/magazine/archive/issue/1990/January "January 1990"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016080330/http://www.vogue.co.uk/magazine/archive/issue/1990/January |date=16 October 2015 }}. [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue Magazine Archive]]. Retrieved 10 August 2015.</ref> photographed by [[Peter Lindbergh]], which created such an impression on the fashion world that they came to embody the term "supermodel".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Eye: Peter Lindbergh|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/peter-lindbergh/|website=Interview Magazine (interviewmagazine.com)|date=27 August 2013 |publisher=Brant Publications|access-date=16 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919073129/http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/peter-lindbergh|archive-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> Each model had gradually attained fame since the mid-1980s and was now among the industry's top stars. Selected by Lindbergh<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=Laura |title=Classic Lindbergh – for this cover, the models have been photographed together yet again in another equally famous black-and-white image, this time by Herb Ritts grouping together Patitz, Crawford, Turlington, Campbell, Shalom Harlow and Stephanie Seymour. Both images are responsible for ushering in the era of the supermodel |journal=Harper's Bazaar|date=March 2009}}</ref> for the January cover of ''Vogue'', the cover inspired singer [[George Michael]] to cast the same five models in the music video for his song, "[[Freedom! '90]]", directed by [[David Fincher]].<ref>{{cite web|title=#Flashback: George Michael's 'Freedom! '90' turns 25|url=http://www.elle.com.au/news/zeitgeist/2015/7/flashback-george-michaels-freedom!-90-turns-25/|website=Elle Australia (elle.com.au/)|publisher=Bauer Media Pty Limited|access-date=28 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730061933/http://www.elle.com.au/news/zeitgeist/2015/7/flashback-george-michaels-freedom!-90-turns-25/|archive-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> The other photograph that captured this new generation of fashion models is the black and white nude of Crawford, Patitz, Campbell and [[Stephanie Seymour]] taken by [[Herb Ritts]] that originally ran in the May 1989 issue of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', until a variation of this image which included Turlington was released in the 1990s, only after a contract exclusively binding her to Calvin Klein expired - thereby publicly revealing the now iconic image "Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood 1989."<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=SUN |first1=FEIFEI |title=Herb Ritts Retrospective: Naomi Campbell Remembers the Iconic Photographer |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/cindy-crawford-eva-herzigova-90s-supermodels-reunion/story?id=33356576 |magazine=Time |publisher=TIME USA, LLC. |access-date=26 December 2020 |ref=The long and legendary supermodel era of the ’90s can be summed up in one gorgeous and distinct photograph: Herb Ritts’ now-iconic shot of Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz and Stephanie Seymour huddled together in the nude. But the 1989 sitting almost didn’t happen. As Campbell recalls, Turlington was on a Calvin Klein contract and reportedly wasn’t allowed to participate. “We said, ‘How can you not be in this picture?’” Campbell says. “And she jumped in, and that was it!”}}</ref> Lindbergh's and Ritts' group images helped each model attain worldwide fame by sharing covers of all the international editions of ''Vogue'', walking the catwalks for the world's top designers, and becoming known by their first names alone.

Today, Campbell, Crawford, Evangelista, Patitz and Turlington are regarded as the "Original Supermodels", but the term has been used to describe the pioneering supermodels before them that paved the way and started the path to prominence, both publicly and professionally, such as Lauren Hutton, Beverly Johnson, Cheryl Tiegs, Christie Brinkley, Pat Cleveland and others.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 5 Fashion Moments|url=http://frockadvisor.com/top-5-fashion-moments/|website=www.frockadvisor.com|publisher=frockadvisor Limited|access-date=2 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826112324/http://frockadvisor.com/top-5-fashion-moments/|archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Olivier|first1=Dana|title=Executive Fashion And Beauty Editor|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/linda-evangelista-runway-hairstyles_us_572fc1f0e4b016f378962ac4|work=Huffington Post|date=10 May 2016 |access-date=10 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511142713/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/linda-evangelista-runway-hairstyles_us_572fc1f0e4b016f378962ac4|archive-date=11 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Okwodu|first1=Janelle|title=Vogue.com Fashion News Writer|url=http://www.vogue.com/13379151/supermodel-tatjana-patitz-best-in-vogue/|website=www.vogue.com|publisher=Vogue|access-date=10 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214154006/http://www.vogue.com/13379151/supermodel-tatjana-patitz-best-in-vogue|archive-date=14 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1991, Turlington signed a contract with [[Maybelline]] that paid her $800,000 for twelve days' work each year. Four years later, Claudia Schiffer reportedly earned $12 million for her various modeling assignments.<ref name="br"/> Authorities, ranging from [[Karl Lagerfeld]] to ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', had declared the supermodels more glamorous than movie stars.

Campbell, Evangelista and Turlington became known as ''The Trinity'', a term first used by photographer [[Steven Meisel]] and noted by journalist Michael Gross.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2008/09/supermodels200809 |magazine=Vanity Fair |title=A league of their own |date=September 2008 |access-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407062119/http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2008/09/supermodels200809 |archive-date=7 April 2014  }}</ref> Evangelista was known as the "Chameleon", for her ability to transform her look and reinvent herself.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vogue.it/en/encyclo/people/e/linda-evangelista |publisher=Vogue Italia |title=Vogue Italia Encyclo: Linda Evangelista |access-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109105924/http://www.vogue.it/en/encyclo/people/e/linda-evangelista |archive-date=9 November 2014  }}</ref> Turlington was known as the "insurance model", saying "clients know that if they hire me, nothing will go wrong".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Christy_Turlington |work=Vogue |title=More to Christy than meets the eye |date=20 September 1995 |access-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122114643/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Christy_Turlington |archive-date=22 January 2014  }}</ref> Campbell was the first black model to appear on the front covers of ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'', [[French Vogue|French ''Vogue'']], [[British Vogue|British ''Vogue'']], and the September issue of American ''Vogue'', traditionally the biggest and most important issue of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.models.com/models/naomi-campbell |publisher=Models.com |title=Naomi Campbell |access-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314153701/http://models.com/models/naomi-campbell |archive-date=14 March 2014 }}</ref>

[[File:Naomi Campbell 1997.jpg|thumb|255x255px|[[Naomi Campbell]], one of "The Big Five" models in the 1990s]]

Campbell, Crawford, Evangelista, Turlington and Patitz were the original group to be regarded as "The Big Five" supermodels of the 1990s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hoskyns|first1=Barney|title=Out of Bed with Naomi: The Making of a Superstar|journal=British Vogue|date=September 1992|volume=76|issue=9|page= 229 |quote=The caption 'The big five: Naomi, Linda, Tatjana, Christy and Cindy, January 1990' accompanies the iconic cover photo of the five women}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Sandra|title=Catwalk: Inside the World of Supermodels|date=1996|publisher=Universe Publishing, a division of Rizzoli International Publications|location=New York|isbn=0-7893-0056-7|page=6|edition= Author cites Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington and Tatjana Patitz as "The famous five" with a photo of the January 1990 cover of British Vogue featuring them together. First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-eE4AQAAIAAJ|access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Happy Birthday, Linda Evangelista! The Original Supermodel Turns 50 And Is Happy About Aging|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/high50/happy-birthday-linda-evangelista-the-original-supermodel-turns-50-and-is-happy-about-aging_b_7242534.html|website=The Huffington Post (huffingtonpost.com)|date=8 May 2015 |publisher=The Huffington Post Media Group|access-date=8 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409093410/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/high50/happy-birthday-linda-evangelista-the-original-supermodel-turns-50-and-is-happy-about-aging_b_7242534.html|archive-date=9 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mokoena|first1=Tshepo|title=THE DEATH OF THE SUPERMODEL|url=http://dontpaniconline.com/magazine/festivals/the-death-of-the-supermodel|website=www.DontPanicOnline.com|publisher=Don't Panic|access-date=15 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527055043/http://dontpaniconline.com/magazine/festivals/the-death-of-the-supermodel|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> The term "The Big Five" was later used to describe Campbell, Crawford, Evangelista, Turlington and Claudia Schiffer,<ref name="london"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enstarz.com/articles/35110/20140320/naomi-campbell-shape-magazine-the-face-star-talks-career-challenges-diet-secrets-photo.htm |work=enstarz |title=Naomi Campbell covers shape magazine |date=20 March 2014 |access-date=10 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210213616/http://www.enstarz.com/articles/35110/20140320/naomi-campbell-shape-magazine-the-face-star-talks-career-challenges-diet-secrets-photo.htm |archive-date=10 February 2015 }}</ref> and with the addition of [[Kate Moss]], they became known as "the Big Six".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/7892813/Christy-Turlington-Above-all-I-hated-the-catwalk.html |work=the telegraph |title=Christy Turlington: "Above all, I hated the catwalk" |access-date=10 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210214400/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/7892813/Christy-Turlington-Above-all-I-hated-the-catwalk.html |archive-date=10 February 2015  }}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1896447.stm |title=Supermodel's life in the spotlight |work=BBC News |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=7 October 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040509211047/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1896447.stm |archive-date=9 May 2004  }}</ref> It was Linda Evangelista, Tatjana Patitz, Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington, and Kate Moss who appeared together in the highest budgeted advertising campaign of all time, starring the original supermodels ($4.5 million USD in 1992, adjusted for inflation in 2021, $8.5 million USD)<ref>{{cite web |last1=90s Fashion |title=Supermodels Film Vauxhall Corsa Ad in the UK 1992 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OANwTDT0r1U | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/OANwTDT0r1U| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|website=Youtube |access-date=2 February 2021 |ref=The budget for the Vauxhall ad campaign was about $4 and a half million dollars...}}{{cbignore}}</ref>) and resulted in a now iconic television commercial for the Vauxhall Corsa automobile.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Safronova |first1=Valeriya |title=Fashion's Favorite Pets |work=The New York Times |date=15 September 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/fashion/marc-jacobs-neville-choupette-new-york-fashion-week.html |access-date=2 February 2021 |ref=But don’t think that she spends her days lazing around. In 2015, Mr. Lagerfeld told the website The Cut that Choupette had made about 3 million euros for two modeling jobs: one for the Vauxhall Corsa car calendar, known for its 1992 commercial featuring Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz, Kate Moss, Linda Evangelista and Naomi Campbell}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=March |first1=Bridget |title=Kate Moss's makeover, 20 years ago today It's the anniversary of the Vauxhall Corsa ad that starred a 19-year-old Kate Moss, transforming the future-'super' from grunge to glamour. |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/celebrity-hair-makeup/a21473/kate-moss-in-vauxhall-corsa-ad-20-years-ago/ |website=COSMOPOLITAN |date=25 July 2013 |publisher=Hearst UK Fashion & Beauty Network |access-date=2 February 2021 |ref=The ad was for the launch of the Vauxhall Corsa, which also starred Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista, Naomi Campbell and Tatjana Patitz...}}</ref>

In the 2006 book ''In Vogue: The Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine''<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ySqLQgAACAAJ | title = In Vogue: The Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine | isbn = 978-0-8478-2864-7 | last1 = Oliva | first1 = Alberto | last2 = Angeletti | first2 = Norberto | date = 22 September 2006}}</ref> ([[RCS MediaGroup|Rizzoli]]), the editors cite the "original supermodels" and Schiffer when quoting [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'' Magazine]] Editor-In-Chief, [[Anna Wintour]], who said, "Those girls were so fabulous for fashion and totally reflected that time&nbsp;... [They] were like movie stars." The editors name famous models from previous decades, but explain that, "None of them attained the fame and worldwide renown bestowed on Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Tatjana Patitz, Stephanie Seymour, Claudia Schiffer, [[Yasmeen Ghauri]], and [[Karen Mulder]], in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These models burst out beyond the pages of the magazines. Many became the faces of cosmetics brands and perfumes, had their own television programs and physical-fitness videos, and their own lines of lingerie&nbsp;... Their lives, activities, influences, and images were the subjects of all types of sociological and historical analysis." [[Tyra Banks]] had begun her career as a model, booking a record-breaking 25 shows in 1991, during her breakout year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/personality/tyra-banks|title=Tyra Banks|website=Biography|date=15 October 2020 }}</ref> She achieved Supermodel status, and rivaled Naomi Campbell as the top Black model in the world.

In the mid-1990s, the initial era of the supermodel ended and a new era for the supermodel began driven by [[heroin chic]]. By the late 1990s, actresses, pop singers, and other entertainment celebrities began gradually replacing models on fashion magazine covers and ad campaigns.<ref name="um">''Death of the Supermodels'' by C. L. Johnson, ''Urban Models'' 21 October 2002 [http://www.urbanmodels.co.uk/modeling.php?page=supermodels online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715210541/http://www.urbanmodels.co.uk/modeling.php?page=supermodels |date=15 July 2006 }} Retrieved 13 July 2006</ref> The pendulum of limelight left many models in anonymity. A popular "conspiracy theory" explaining the supermodel's disappearance is that designers and fashion editors grew weary of the "I won't get out of bed for less than $10,000 a day" attitude and made sure no small group of models would ever again have the power of the Big Six.<ref name="time">[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989517-1,00.html "The Fall of the Supermodel"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505194751/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989517-1,00.html |date=5 May 2009 }} ''Time''. Retrieved 23 July 2007.</ref>

Charles Gandee, associate editor at ''Vogue'', has said that high prices and poor attitudes contributed less to the decline of the supermodel. As clothes became less flashy, designers turned to models who were less glamorous, so they wouldn't overpower the clothing.<ref name="time" /> Whereas many supermodels of the previous era were American-born, their accents making for an easier transition to stardom,<ref name="forbes" /> the majority of models began coming from non-English speaking countries and cultures,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ws2m.typepad.com/ws2m/2007/04/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627081841/http://ws2m.typepad.com/ws2m/2007/04/index.html|url-status=dead|title=Who will be the next Super Model? (NY Times)|archive-date=27 June 2009}}</ref> making the crossover to mainstream spokesperson and cover star difficult.<ref name="models">[http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=1296 Industry Report: Elite Plus] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927025904/http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=1296 |date=27 September 2007 }} models.com. Retrieved 25 July 2007.</ref> However, the term continued to be applied to notable models such as [[Kristen McMenamy]], [[Stella Tennant]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/supermodel-stella-tennant-family-statement-cause-of-death-2021-1|title=The family of late British supermodel Stella Tennant make a statement about her cause of death|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|first=Samantha|last=Grindell|date=7 January 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 }}</ref> [[Laetitia Casta]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newfaces.com/supermodels/supermodels/laetitia.html |title=Laetitia Casta – SUPERMODEL |publisher=Newfaces.com |date=11 May 1978 |access-date=7 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106013436/http://www.newfaces.com/supermodels/supermodels/laetitia.html |archive-date=6 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://next.liberation.fr/article/laetitia-casta-egerie-de-ralph-lauren Laetitia Casta, égérie de Ralph Lauren] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203191831/http://next.liberation.fr/article/laetitia-casta-egerie-de-ralph-lauren |date=3 December 2009 }}, ''[[Libération|Next-Libération]]'', 9 July 2008</ref> [[Eva Herzigová]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090527-supermodel-eva-herzigova-writes-for.aspx|title=Supermodel Eva Herzigova writes for Vogue|date=27 May 2009|work=Vogue UK|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062721/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090527-supermodel-eva-herzigova-writes-for.aspx|archive-date=3 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Carla Bruni]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071218152208/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1695400,00.html Sarkozy and the Supermodel] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''</ref> [[Tatiana Sorokko]],<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a5885/tatiana-sorokko-0910/|title=Supermodel Tatiana Sorokko's Couture Exhibit |date=20 September 2010|magazine=Harper's Bazaar|access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/08/tatiana-sorokko-is-the-queen-of-vintage-couture.html|title=Tatiana Sorokko is the Queen of Vintage Couture|date= 18 October 2014 |work=The Daily Beast|access-date=31 January 2015 | location=New York | first=Anthony | last=Haden-Guest}}</ref> Yasmin Le Bon,<ref>[http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8863144/The-supermodels-return-for-Harpers-Bazaar.html The supermodels return for Harper's Bazaar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406192443/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8863144/The-supermodels-return-for-Harpers-Bazaar.html |date=6 April 2013 }}''fashion.telegraph.co.uk''. Retrieved 12 August 2012.</ref> [[Amber Valletta]],<ref name="SMH20050221">{{cite news|last1=McCarthy|first1=Philipp|title=Amber's catwalk glow turns to screen stardom|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/Film/Ambers-catwalk-glow-turns-to-screen-stardom/2005/02/20/1108834656206.htmltitle=Amber's|access-date=25 October 2015|newspaper=The Sun-Herald|date=21 February 2005}}</ref> [[Shalom Harlow]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Phelan|first1=Hayley|title=Watch: Shalom Harlow on Her Return to the Runway and 'One-Upping' Fellow Supermodels in the '90s – Fashionista|url=http://fashionista.com/2012/05/watch-shalom-harlow-on-her-return-to-the-runway-and-one-upping-fellow-supermodels-in-the-90s|access-date=25 October 2015|publisher=Fashionista|date=30 May 2012}}</ref> [[Nadja Auermann]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/style/22iht-Ravedon.4.10312377.html|title=In Milan: Avedon's work for Versace|date= 2 December 2008 |work=The New York Times|access-date=5 February 2011 | location=New York | first=Suzy | last=Menkes}}</ref> [[Helena Christensen]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/6672970/Helena-Christensen-on-supermodels-and-posing-nude-at-40.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203112151/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/6672970/Helena-Christensen-on-supermodels-and-posing-nude-at-40.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2009|title=Helena Christensen: on supermodels and posing nude at 40|date=29 November 2009|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref> [[Patricia Velásquez]],<ref>[http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2011/08/wayuu-taya-bags-help-indigenous-live-better/], [[United Nations Radio]], 9 August 2009</ref> [[Adriana Sklenaříková|Adriana Karembeu]],<ref>[http://www.strategies.fr/actualites/marques/r74524W/skoda-prend-ses-aises-avec-adriana-karembeu.html Skoda prend ses aises avec Adriana Karembeu], ''Stratégies'', 28 February 2003</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/149929.stm 'Wonderbras are safe' says Adriana], [[BBC]], 12 August 1998</ref> [[Valeria Mazza]]<ref>[http://www.hola.com/famosos/2011021351079/valeria/mazza/roma/ Valeria Mazza, 'supermamá', 'superesposa' y 'supermodelo' en Roma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506045539/http://www.hola.com/famosos/2011021351079/valeria/mazza/roma |date=6 May 2013 }}, [[¡Hola!]], 13 February 2011</ref> and later, [[Milla Jovovich]].

===2000s and present day===
[[File:Adriana Lima au festival de Cannes, 2015.jpg|thumb|212x212px|[[Adriana Lima]], one of the "New Supers" and the longest-running [[Victoria's Secret#Victoria's Secret Angels|Victoria's Secret Angel]]]]

Emerging in the late 1990s, [[Gisele Bündchen]] became the first in a wave of Brazilian models to gain popularity in the industry and with the public. With numerous covers of ''Vogue'' under her belt, including an issue that dubbed her the "Return of the ''Sexy'' Model", Bündchen was credited with ending the "[[heroin chic]]" era of models.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gisele Bündchen |url=http://www.people.com/people/gisele_bundchen/biography |title=Celebrity Central: Gisele Bundchen biography |work=People |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710172826/http://www.people.com/people/gisele_bundchen/biography |archive-date=10 July 2014  }}</ref> Following in her footsteps by signing contracts with [[Victoria's Secret]], fellow Brazilians [[Adriana Lima]] and [[Alessandra Ambrosio]] rose to prominence; however, they were unable to cross over into the world of TV, movies and talk shows as easily as their predecessors, due to their foreign accents. Not to mention other big stars of 00s era such as [[Carmen Kass]], [[Karolína Kurková]], [[Isabeli Fontana]], [[Natalia Vodianova]] and [[Natasha Poly]], which also dominated the runways and ad campaigns along with Bündchen et al.<ref name=forbes/>

Several seasons later, they were followed by Eastern Europeans, barely into their teens, pale, and "bordering on anorexic. They were too young to become movie stars or date celebrities; too skeletal to bag Victoria's Secret contracts; and a lack of English didn't bode well for a broad media career".<ref name=forbes/> The opportunities for superstardom were waning in the modeling world, and models like [[Heidi Klum]] and [[Tyra Banks]] took to television with reality shows like ''[[Project Runway]]'' and ''[[Germany's Next Topmodel]]'', and ''[[America's Next Top Model]]'', respectively, to not only remain relevant but establish themselves as media moguls.<ref name=forbes/>

[[File:AnnaSui-FW17RTW-Hadids-BW (cropped).jpg|upright|left|thumb|Bella Hadid (left) and Gigi Hadid (right), two of the highest paid models of 2021<ref name="lofficielusa.com">{{Cite web |title=Highest Paid Models in the World — Richest Models Kendall Jenner Gisele Bündchen Net Worth |url=https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/highest-paid-models-in-the-world-kendall-jenner-gisele-bundchen |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=L'Officiel USA |language=en-US}}</ref>]]

Contrary to the fashion industry's celebrity trend of the previous decade, lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret continues to groom and launch young talents into supermodel status, awarding their high-profile "[[Victoria's Secret#Victoria's Secret Angels|Angels]]" multi-year, multimillion-dollar contracts.<ref name=forbes/>

[[Vogue (magazine)|American ''Vogue'']] dubbed ten models ([[Doutzen Kroes]], [[Agyness Deyn]], [[Hilary Rhoda]], [[Raquel Zimmermann]], [[Coco Rocha]], [[Lily Donaldson]], [[Chanel Iman]], [[Sasha Pivovarova]], [[Caroline Trentini]] and [[Jessica Stam]]) as the new crop of supermodels in their May 2007 cover story,<ref>[http://www.style.com/vogue/feature/041607VFEA/ Vogue's ten covergirls bring personality and attitude to spring's eye-popping prints. Are we witnessing the return of the model?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028005827/http://www.style.com/vogue/feature/041607VFEA/ |date=28 October 2008 }} Jonathan Van Meter reports</ref> while the likes of Christie Brinkley, Christy Turlington, and Linda Evangelista returned to reclaim prominent contracts from celebrities and younger models.<ref name=forbes/>

The rise of social media and so-called "[[nepotism]] babies" has seen a shift in the world of modelling from the late 2010s onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-19 |title=Hot Take: Are There Any Celeb Kids Not Modelling Right Now? |url=https://evoke.ie/2021/03/19/style/opinion-nepotism-in-the-fashion-industry |access-date=2022-10-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-27 |title=The internet is only just realising half of Hollywood are nepotism babies |url=https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/nepotism-babies-hollywood |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Glamour UK |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Just like your mama: the world of nepo babies |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/fashion/23429 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Varsity Online |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Swarbrick: The curious trend of Hollywood's 'nepo babies' |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/20861975.curious-trend-hollywoods-nepo-babies/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=HeraldScotland |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thecrimson.com">{{Cite web |title=Maybe She's Born With It: Nepotism at New York Fashion Week {{!}} Arts {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2022/9/22/nepotism-babies-at-new-york-fashion-week-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref> This means that many of today's 'supermodels' arguably took a rise to fame and were given the opportunities as they have due to their rich and famous families.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malivindi |first=Diandra |title=What Are 'Nepotism Babies'? Here's Why TikTok's Eyes Are On Celebrities From Famous Families |url=https://www.elle.com.au/culture/nepotism-babies-tiktok-26705 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=ELLE |language=en}}</ref> Examples of these models are [[Kendall Jenner]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carol Alt Calls Out Kendall Jenner and Nepotism in Modeling |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/carole-alt-kendall-jenner-model-nepotism |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=W Magazine |language=en}}</ref> [[Cara Delevingne]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Betches |date=2020-09-11 |title=How Did Cara Delevingne Get So Famous? What You Didn't Know About Her Family |url=https://betches.com/how-did-cara-delevingne-get-so-famous-what-you-didnt-know-about-her-family/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Betches |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Bella Hadid]],<ref name="thecrimson.com"/> [[Gigi Hadid]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gigi Hadid accused of benefiting from nepotism after her dad calls her 'self-made' |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/347084-gigi-hadid-accused-of-benefiting-from-nepotism-after-her-dad-calls-her-self-made |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.geo.tv |language=en}}</ref> and [[Kaia Gerber]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fashion's Nepotism Problem Has Never Been More Apparent |url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/fashion-industry-nepotism-sister-models/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Grazia}}</ref> Despite the controversy surrounding these models and arguments that they only got their fame due to their families,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-26 |title='Kylie and Kendall are the textbook definition of nepotism': Kylie And Kendall Jenner Begged To Be Friends With Rihanna, Rihanna Humiliated Them, Ordered Them To Stay Away |url=https://www.animatedtimes.com/kylie-and-kendall-are-the-textbook-definition-of-nepotism-kylie-and-kendall-jenner-begged-to-be-friends-with-rihanna-rihanna-humiliated-them-ordered-them-to-stay-away/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Animated Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Manic Metallic |date=2019-08-27 |title=The Issue With The Modeling Industry's Nepotistic Culture |url=https://manicmetallic.com/editorials/the-issue-with-the-modeling-industrys-nepotistic-culture/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=MANIC METALLIC |language=en-US}}</ref> they have proven to be some of the most successful models of today. In 2021, Kendall Jenner was named as the highest-paid supermodel, earning $40 million. The Hadid sisters weren't far behind, with Bella and Gigi earning $19 million and $20 million respectively.<ref name="lofficielusa.com"/>