Editing Svarog (section)

== Etymology ==
{{Main|Etymology of Svarog}}
The [[theonym]] ''Svarog'' presents in several forms. The ''[[Primary Chronicle]]'' has ''Соварога'' (''Sovaroga''), ''Сварогъ'' (''Svarogǔ''), ''Сварогом'' (''Svarogom''), and ''Сварога'' (''Svaroga''). The ''Sofia Chronograph''{{Efn|Later compilation.}} has ''Сваро<sup>г</sup>'' (''Svaro<sup>g</sup>'') and ''Сваро<sup>ж</sup>'' (''Svaro<sup>ž</sup>'').{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020|p=91}}

The fire etymology was one of the first to be proposed by the [[Slovenes|Slovene]] linguist [[Franc Miklošič]] (1875), who explained the theonym ''Svarog'' as consisting of the stem ''svar'' ('heat', 'light') and the suffix ''-og''. The stem ''svar'' itself was derived from an earlier ''*sur'' "shining".{{Sfn|Miklošič|1875|p=9, 283}}

That etymology is also supported by contemporary linguists and etymologists, but the etymology of the stem ''svar'' can also be explained differently. The root ''svar'' derives from the [[Proto-Slavic language|Proto-Slavic]] ''*sъvarъ'', which consists of the prefix ''*sъ-'' meaning "good, (ones') own" and the stem ''*varъ'' "fire, heat",{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=98}} which is continued, for example, by Old Church Slavonic варъ, ''varǔ'' ("heat"),{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=98}} or Old East Slavic варъ, ''varǔ'' "sunny heatwave, scorching heat, heat"{{Sfn|Dal|1863|p=146}} (from [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] ''*wār-'' "warmth"{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=98}}). This root was then extended by the suffix ''*-ogъ'', which has no specific function.{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=98}} The common noun ''*sъvarogъ'' "good, own fire, heat" was then transferred to the name of the god because of his function as a divine blacksmith, a god wielding fire, working with fire.{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=99}}

The ''*sъvarъ'' stem is also the origin of words related to blacksmithing. Some examples are Old East Slavic сварити, ''svariti'' "to forge something at high temperature",{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=96}} Old Polish ''zwarzyć'' "to weld, chain two pieces of iron",{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020 |p=92}} and modern Russian and Slovenian words (e.g. сварить, ''svarit''', variti, "to melt", "to weld").{{Sfn|Niederle|1924|p=107}}{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020|p=96}}

Some researchers, including [[Aleksander Brückner]]{{Sfn|Brückner|1985|p=120}} and [[Vatroslav Jagić]],{{Sfn|Vasmer|1986|p=569}} have suggested that the name stemmed from the word ''svar'' meaning "argument, disagreement", or the verb ''svariti'' "to quarrel". Brückner translated this theonym literally as "wrangler, brawler", which would also be associated with fire.{{Sfn|Brückner|1985|p=120}} However, this etymology has been criticized.{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020|p=99}}

In earlier scholarship, the dominant view was that the root ''sva''r was borrowed from an [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] language (e.g., from Sanskrit स्वर्, ''svar'' "radiance", "sky", "sun"), but this etymology is nowadays rejected due to phonetic difficulties.{{Sfn|Vasmer|1986|p=569}}{{Sfn|Łuczyński|2020|p=99}}