Editing Switched-mode power supply (section)

==History==
; 1836
: [[Induction coil]]s use switches to generate high voltages.
; 1910
: An inductive discharge ignition system invented by [[Charles F. Kettering]] and his company [[Delco Electronics|Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco)]] goes into production for Cadillac.<ref>{{cite patent |inventor-last=Kettering |inventor-first=Charles F. |inventorlink=Charles F. Kettering |country-code=US |patent-number=1037492 |title=Ignition system |publication-date=2 November 1910 |issue-date=3 September 1912}}</ref> The [[Kettering ignition system]] is a mechanically switched version of a flyback boost converter; the transformer is the ignition coil. Variations of this ignition system were used in all non-diesel internal combustion engines until the 1960s when it began to be replaced first by solid-state electronically switched versions, then [[capacitive discharge ignition]] systems.
; 1926
: On 23 June, British inventor Philip Ray Coursey applies for a patent in his country and United States, for his "Electrical Condenser".<ref>{{cite patent |country-code=US |patent-number=1754265 |title=Electrical Condenser |inventor-last=Coursey |inventor-first=Philip Ray |publication-date=23 June 1926 |issue-date=15 April 1930}}</ref><ref name=ep6>{{cite web|url=http://www.electronicspoint.com/smps-power-supply-invented-t23106.html|title=When was the SMPS power supply invented?|work=electronicspoint.com}}</ref> The patent mentions high frequency [[welding]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL12858875W/Electrical_condensers|title=Electrical condensers (Open Library)|work=openlibrary.org}}</ref> and furnaces, among other uses.<ref name=ep6 />
; {{circa|1932}}
: Electromechanical relays are used to stabilize the voltage output of generators. See {{slink|Voltage regulator#Electromechanical regulators}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ethw.org/First-Hand:The_Story_of_the_Automobile_Voltage_Regulator|title=First-Hand:The Story of the Automobile Voltage Regulator - Engineering and Technology History Wiki|website=ethw.org|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite patent |inventor1-last=Teare Jr. |inventor-first=Benjamin R. |inventor2-last=Whiting |inventor2-first=Max A. |title=Electroresponsive Device |country-code=US |patent-number=2014869 |publication-date=15 November 1932 |issue-date=17 September 1935 |quote=the regulator so operates as to maintain a dynamic, or vibrating, equilibrium}}</ref>
; {{circa|1936}}
: Car radios used [[electromechanical]] [[Vibrator (electronic)|vibrators]] to transform the 6&nbsp;V battery supply to a suitable [[plate voltage]] for the vacuum tubes.<ref>{{cite web | title=Cadillac model 5-X, a 5-tube supherheterodyne radio, used a synchronous vibrator to generate its B+ supply | website=Radiomuseum | url=https://www.radiomuseum.org/r/cadillacge_5x.html}}</ref>
; 1959
: [[Transistor]] oscillation and rectifying converter power supply system {{US patent|3040271}} is filed by Joseph E. Murphy and Francis J. Starzec, from General Motors Company.<ref>{{cite patent|country=US|status=patent|number=3040271|title=Transistor converter power supply system}}</ref>
; 1960s
: The [[Apollo Guidance Computer]], developed in the early 1960s by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory for NASA's [[Apollo program|Moon missions]] (1966–1972), incorporated early switched-mode power supplies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.righto.com/2019/01/inside-apollo-guidance-computers-core.html|title=Inside the Apollo Guidance Computer's core memory|author=Ken Shirriff|date=January 2019|website=righto.com|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref>
; {{circa|1967}}: [[Bob Widlar]] of [[Fairchild Semiconductor]] designs the μA723 IC voltage regulator. One of its applications is as a switched-mode regulator.<ref>{{cite web |title=μA723 Precision Voltage Regulators |url=http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ua723.pdf |website=ti.com |orig-date=August 1972 |date=July 1999}}</ref>
; 1970
: [[Tektronix]] starts using high-efficiency power supplies in its 7000-series oscilloscopes produced from about 1970 to 1995.<ref>{{cite web | last=DiGiacomo | first=David | title=Test Equipment and Electronics Information | website=slack.com | date=2002-08-02 | url=http://www.slack.com/elec.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020802233834/http://www.slack.com/elec.html | archive-date=2002-08-02 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kahrs.us/~mark/testeq/7000.html|title=7000 Plugin list|website=www.kahrs.us|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=7000 Series Oscilloscopes FAQ | website=tek.com | url=http://www2.tek.com/cmswpt/faqdetails.lotr?ct=FAQ&cs=FAQ&ci=17431&lc=EN | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825214425/http://www2.tek.com/cmswpt/faqdetails.lotr?ct=FAQ&cs=FAQ&ci=17431&lc=EN | archive-date=2010-08-25 | url-status=dead | access-date=2011-11-02 }}<!--"produced from about 1970 to 1995"--></ref><ref>{{cite book | title=TEKSCOPE 7704 High-Efficiency Power Supply | date=March 1971 | url=http://docmesure.free.fr/manuels/Tektronix/Serie%207000/tekscope_sm.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328131504/http://docmesure.free.fr/manuels/Tektronix/Serie%207000/tekscope_sm.pdf | archive-date=2012-03-28 | url-status=dead | access-date=2011-11-02 }}</ref>
; 1970
: Robert Boschert develops simpler, low-cost switched-mode power supply circuits. By 1977, Boschert Inc. had grown to a 650-person company.<ref name="Shirriff2019"/><ref name="Kilbane2009"/> After a series of mergers, acquisitions, and spin offs (Computer Products, Zytec, Artesyn, Emerson Electric) the company is now part of [[Advanced Energy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.psma.com/sites/default/files/Geneology2011FebDraft.pdf |publisher=Power Supply Manufacturers' Association |title=Power Electronics Corporate Genealogy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Computer Products Has New Name: Artesyn | website=Sun Sentinel | date=1998-05-07 | url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1998/05/07/computer-products-has-new-name-artesyn/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Computer Products Buys Rival Manufacturer | website=Sun Sentinel | date=1986-01-03 | url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1986/01/03/computer-products-buys-rival-manufacturer/ }}</ref>
; 1972
: [[HP-35]], [[Hewlett-Packard]]'s first pocket calculator, is introduced with transistor switching power supply for [[light-emitting diode]]s, clocks, timing, [[Read-only memory|ROM]], and registers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.citycable.ch/pierrefleur/Jacques-Laporte/HP35%20power%20unit.htm|title=jacques-laporte.org - The HP-35's Power unit and other vintage HP calculators.|website=citycable.ch|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816054034/http://home.citycable.ch/pierrefleur/Jacques-Laporte/HP35%20power%20unit.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
; 1973
: [[Xerox]] uses switching power supplies in the [[Xerox Alto|Alto]] minicomputer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/06/y-combinators-xerox-alto-restoring-the-legendary-1970s-gui-computer/2/|title=Y Combinator's Xerox Alto: restoring the legendary 1970s GUI computer|website=arstechnica.com|date=26 June 2016|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref>
; 1976
: Robert Mammano, a co-founder of Silicon General Semiconductors, develops the first integrated circuit for SMPS control, model SG1524.<ref name="Shirriff2019"/> After a series of mergers and acquisitions (Linfinity, Symetricom, [[Microsemi]]), the company is now part of [[Microchip Technology]].<ref>{{cite web | title=North American Company Profiles | website=smithsonianchips.si.edu | date=2004-03-15 | url=https://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/PROF97/NORTHAM.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107001604/https://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/PROF97/NORTHAM.pdf | archive-date=2022-11-07 | url-status=dead | access-date=2023-10-05 }}</ref>
; 1977
: The [[Apple II]] is designed with a switched-mode power supply.<ref>{{cite web | last=Yarow | first=Jay | title=EXCLUSIVE: Interview With Apple's First CEO Michael Scott | website=Business Insider | date=2011-05-24 | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apples-first-ceo-michael-scott-2011-5 |quote=[[Rod Holt]]... created the switching power supply that allowed us to do a very lightweight computer.}}</ref>
; 1980
: The HP8662A 10&nbsp;kHz–1.28&nbsp;GHz [[frequency synthesizer|synthesized signal generator]] was designed with a switched-mode power supply.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpmemoryproject.org/news/3048/hp3048_01.htm|title=HP 3048A|work=hpmemoryproject.org}}</ref>