Editing Systemic bias (section)

==In human institutions==
[[Cognitive bias]] is inherent in the experiences, loyalties, and relationships of people in their daily lives, and new biases are constantly being discovered and addressed on both an ethical and political level. For example, the goal of [[affirmative action in the United States]] is to counter biases concerning gender, race, and [[ethnicity]], by opening up institutional participation to people with a wider range of backgrounds, and hence a wider range of points of view. In [[India]], the system of [[Scheduled Castes and Tribes]] intends to address systemic bias caused by the controversial [[caste]] system, a system centered on organized [[discrimination]] based upon one's ancestry, not unlike [[racism|the system]] that affirmative action aims to counter. Both the scheduling system and affirmative action mandate the hiring of citizens from within designated groups. However, without sufficient restrictions based upon the actual socio-economic standing of the recipients of the aid provided, these types of systems can allegedly result in the unintentional institutionalization of a reversed form of the same systemic bias,<ref>Jaroff, Leon et al. (4 April 1994) [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012203515/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,980453,00.html "Teaching Reverse Racism"], ''[[Time Magazine]]'' {{subscription required}}</ref> which works against the goal of rendering institutional participation open to people with a wider range of backgrounds.

[[Unconscious bias training]] has become common in many organizations, which is theorized to address both systemic and structural bias. This training addressed the practices and policies of the organization, such as hiring practices that favor [[social network]]ing, or a grooming policy that disadvantages people with [[Afro-textured hair]].<ref name=asare>{{cite web | last=Asare | first=Janice Gassam | title=Your Unconscious Bias Trainings Keep Failing Because You're Not Addressing Systemic Bias | website=Forbes | date=29 December 2019 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/janicegassam/2020/12/29/your-unconscious-bias-trainings-keep-failing-because-youre-not-addressing-systemic-bias/ | access-date=1 September 2020}}</ref>