Editing Systems engineering (section)

==History==
[[File:A1 House of Quality.png|thumb|left|[[Quality function deployment]] (QFD) for enterprise product development processes]]

The term ''systems engineering'' can be traced back to [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]] in the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schlager|first=J.|title=Systems engineering: key to modern development|journal=IRE Transactions|volume=EM-3|pages=64–66|date=July 1956|doi=10.1109/IRET-EM.1956.5007383|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5007383|access-date=2023-11-16|issue=3|s2cid=51635376}}</ref> The need to identify and manipulate the properties of a system as a whole, which in complex engineering projects may greatly differ from the sum of the parts' properties, motivated various industries, especially those developing systems for the U.S. military, to apply the discipline.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Arthur D.|last=Hall|title=A Methodology for Systems Engineering|publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold|isbn=978-0-442-03046-9|date=1962|author-link=Arthur D. Hall}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Umbrello|first=Steven|date=5 April 2021|title=Coupling Levels of Abstraction in Understanding Meaningful Human Control of Autonomous Weapons: A Two-Tiered Approach|journal=Ethics and Information Technology|volume=23|issue=3|pages=455–464|doi=10.1007/s10676-021-09588-w|issn=1572-8439|doi-access=free|hdl=2318/1784315|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

When it was no longer possible to rely on design evolution to improve upon a system and the existing tools were not sufficient to meet growing demands, new methods began to be developed that addressed the complexity directly.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Systems Engineering|first=Andrew Patrick|last=Sage|publisher=Wiley IEEE|date=1992|isbn=978-0-471-53639-0}}</ref> The continuing evolution of systems engineering comprises the development and identification of new methods and modeling techniques. These methods aid in a better comprehension of the design and developmental control of engineering systems as they grow more complex. Popular tools that are often used in the systems engineering context were developed during these times, including [[Universal Systems Language]] (USL), [[Unified Modeling Language]] (UML), [[Quality function deployment]] (QFD), and [[Integration DEFinition|Integration Definition]] (IDEF).

In 1990, a professional society for systems engineering, the ''National Council on Systems Engineering'' (NCOSE), was founded by representatives from a number of U.S. corporations and organizations. NCOSE was created to address the need for improvements in systems engineering practices and education. As a result of growing involvement from systems engineers outside of the U.S., the name of the organization was changed to the [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] (INCOSE) in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|author=[[INCOSE]] Resp Group|url=http://www.incose.org/about/genesis.aspx|title=Genesis of INCOSE|access-date=11 July 2006|date=11 June 2004|archive-date=25 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925163723/http://www.incose.org/about/genesis.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Schools in several countries offer graduate programs in systems engineering, and [[continuing education]] options are also available for practicing engineers.<ref name="edu_dir">{{cite web|author=[[INCOSE]]/Academic Council|url=https://www.incose.org/academic-affairs-and-careers/se-education/world-wide-programs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084513/https://www.incose.org/academic-affairs-and-careers/se-education/world-wide-programs|archive-date=26 December 2018|title=Worldwide Directory of SE and IE Academic Programs|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>