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==History== ===Formation=== {{see also|Imevisión}} [[Image:Torre-TV-Azteca-(1).JPG|thumb|200px|left|TV Azteca, Chihuahua City, Chihuahua.]] In the early 1990s, the presidency of [[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]] privatized many government assets. Among them was the Instituto Mexicano de la Televisión, known as [[Imevisión]], which owned two national television networks (Red Nacional 7 and Red Nacional 13) and three local TV stations. In preparation for the privatization, the Imevisión stations were parceled into a variety of newly created companies, the largest of which was named Televisión Azteca, S.A. de C.V.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Peschard-Sverdrup|first1=Armand B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvTdHGuBiBYC&q=tv+azteca+imevision&pg=PA281|title=Mexican Governance: From Single-party Rule to Divided Government|last2=Rioff|first2=Sara|date=2005|publisher=CSIS|isbn=978-0-89206-457-1|pages=281|language=en}}</ref> With the exception of [[XEIMT-TDT|Canal 22]], which was spun off to [[Conaculta]], one bidder won all of the stations. On July 18, 1993,<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Political and mobile media landscape in México: the case of #yosoy132|last = Goggin; Albarrán|first = G.;C.|date = 2014|journal = Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies|volume = 28|pages = 28–42|doi = 10.1080/10304312.2014.870870|s2cid = 145301961}}</ref> Mexico's Finance Ministry, the [[Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit|''Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público'']] (SHCP), announced that Radio Televisora del Centro, a group controlled by [[Ricardo Salinas Pliego]], was the winner of the auction to acquire the "state-owned media package", which also included Imevisión's studios in the [[Ajusco]] area of Mexico City. The winning bid amounted to US$645 million. The new group soon took on the Televisión Azteca name for the entire operation and soon challenged Televisa, turning what had been a television monopoly into a television duopoly. The two conglomerates held 97 percent of the commercial television concessions in the country.<ref name=":0">Mahan, E. (1985). Mexican Broadcasting: Reassessing the Industry-State Relationship. Journal of Communication, 35(1), 60-75.</ref> ===Expansion=== [[File:TV-Azteca,_Mérida,_Yucatán_(01).jpg|thumb|right|250px|TV Azteca, Mérida, Yucatán.]] In 1998, TV Azteca announced an investment of US$25 million in [[XHTVM-TDT|XHTVM-TV]], which was owned by Javier Moreno Valle through concessionaire Televisora del Valle de México, S.A. de C.V. Under the deal, Azteca restructured TVM and took control of ad sales and most programming duties, while Moreno Valle's CNI news service retained some primetime space. However, in 2000, Moreno Valle broke the contract with Azteca, alleging Azteca of filling up time allotted to CNI and not fulfilling the obligations in the contract. In December 2002, Azteca used private security guards to retake control of the XHTVM facilities on Cerro del Chiquihuite in Mexico City. However, the Mexican government stepped into the dispute and forced Azteca to relinquish control of XHTVM. In 2005, an employee strike that crippled CNI, Moreno Valle's mounting legal troubles, and a deal with the 5% owner of the concessionaire allowed Azteca to buy the remainder of the station and retake control of XHTVM, under the name Proyecto 40, in 2006. [[Image:Aztecaqtroinstalaciones.jpg|thumb|250px|left|TV Azteca, Querétaro City, Querétaro.]] On March 7, 2011, TV Azteca changed its name to ''Azteca'', reflecting its growth into a multimedia company.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tvazteca.com/capitulos/vengalaalegria/39479/azteca-se-renueva-para-ti |title= Azteca se renueva para ti ("Azteca renews for you") |author= TV Azteca |date= March 7, 2011 |language= es |access-date= March 14, 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110717114705/http://www.tvazteca.com/capitulos/vengalaalegria/39479/azteca-se-renueva-para-ti |archive-date= July 17, 2011 }}</ref> However, in May 2016, the TV Azteca name was restored. TV Azteca is the second largest mass media company in México after Televisa.<ref name=":0"/> These two big organizations control the 97% of mass media in Mexico.<ref name=":0" /> TV Azteca was funded in 1993 by Ricardo Salinas Pliego. TV Azteca has 31% of the 465 television concessions in México.<ref name=":0" /> The auction of the state channels and the granting of further concessions to TV Azteca further strengthen their connection. It also owns Azteca banks, Azteca insurance, Iusacell, programing pay television, cinemas, live theater, news channels, newspapers, Azteca music, an acting school, Azteca consumer products, Azteca internet, Azteca series, Azteca sports, stadiums, etc. TV Azteca is another company which also serves the government however to a much lesser extent than Televisa.<ref>Murphy, P. D. (1995, December). Television and cultural politics in México: Some notes on Televisa, the state and transnational culture. The Howard journal of communication, pp. pp. 250-</ref> TV Azteca also receives lucrative contracts from the Mexican government, and therefore the information that emits is also controlled by the actual government. The news that is normally emitted by TV Azteca is 25% news bulletins that come from advertising, and infotainment relying on celebrities and biased editorials.<ref name=":0" /> On March 21, 2023, creditors for the company pushed the company into an involuntary [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] petition in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/tv-azteca-creditors-push-involuntary-bankruptcy-court-filing-2023-03-21/|title=TV Azteca creditors push for involuntary bankruptcy -court filing|date=March 21, 2023|access-date=April 30, 2023|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> However, on April 26, TV Azteca asked the New York bankruptcy judge to dismiss its Chapter 11 case due to it being pointless to start reorganization proceedings for the company anywhere but Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law360.com/articles/1601552/mexico-won-t-recognize-us-ch-11-tv-azteca-says|title=Mexico Won't Recognize US Ch. 11, TV Azteca Says|date=April 26, 2023|access-date=April 30, 2023|website=Law 360|language=en}}</ref> On June 1, 2023, TV Azteca was suspended from the Mexico Stock Exchange.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/mexico-tvazteca/mexicos-stock-exchange-suspends-tv-azteca-trading-for-not-reporting-q1-results-idINL1N37T1DO|title=Mexico's stock exchange suspends TV Azteca trading for not reporting Q1 results|date= 1 June 2023|access-date=21 June 2023|work=Reuters}}</ref>
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