Editing T and O map (section)

==Relevant textual descriptions of the world==

The earliest T-O maps are closely associated with two sections of the work of Isidore of Seville:

''De Natura Rerum'' 48.2-3 (drawn verbatim from [[De astronomia|Hyginus' ''De astronomia'']] 1.9(8) and [[The City of God|Augustine of Hippo's ''City of God'']] 16.17<ref>''Isidore of Seville: On the Nature of Things'', trans. Calvin B. Kendall and Faith Wallis (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016), 175.</ref>):

{{quote|So the earth may be divided into three sides (trifarie), of which one part is [[Europe#History of the concept|Europe]], another [[Asia#Asia–Europe boundary|Asia]], and the third is called [[Africa]]. Europe is divided from Africa by a sea from the end of the [[Oceanus|ocean]] and the [[Pillars of Hercules]]. And Asia is divided from [[Ancient Libya|Libya]] with [[Egypt]] by the [[Nile]]... Moreover, Asia – as the most blessed [[Augustine]] said – runs from the southeast to the north ... Thus we see the earth is divided into two to comprise, on the one hand, Europe and Africa, and on the other only Asia.<ref> Trans. {{harvnb|Williams|1997|p=13}}; [[Patrologia Latina|''Patrologia Latina'']], vol. 83, coll. 1016D-1017A: "Regio autem terrae dividitur trifariam, e quibus una pars Europa, altera Asia, tertia Africa vocatur.   Europam igitur ab Africa dividit mare ab extremis oceani finibus, et Herculi columnis.   Asiam autem,  et Libyam cum Aegypto disterminat ostium Nili fluvii [...]  Asia autem, ut ait beatissimus Augustinus, a meridie per orientem usque ad septentrionem pervenit. [...] Unde videntur orbem dimidium duae tenere, Europa, et Africa.   Alium vero dimidium sola Asia." </ref> 
}}

''Etymologiae'' 14.2.1:

{{quote|The world is called round after the roundness of a circle, because it is like a wheel [...] Because of this, the [[Oceanus|Ocean]] flowing around it is contained in a circular limit, and it is divided in three parts, one part being called Asia, the second Europe, and the third Africa.<ref>''Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originvm libri XX'', 2 vols, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1911), n.p.: "Orbis a rotunditate circuli dictus, quia sicut rota est. [...] Divisus est autem trifarie: e quibus una pars Asia, altera Europa, tertia Africa nuncupatur."</ref>}}