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Talar
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== History == The columned hall or porch has its roots in [[ancient Persia]], as seen in the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] palace in [[Persepolis]], as well as in [[Greco-Roman world|Greco-Roman]] houses and possibly even in the tents of [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] nomads who moved into Iran over the centuries.<ref name="Babaie" /> The ''talar'' can also refer to the representation of a throne carved on the rock-cut tomb of [[Darius the Great|Darius]] at [[Naqsh-e Rostam]], near Persepolis, and above the [[portico]] which was copied from his palace.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Talar|volume=26|page=366}}</ref> The ''talar'' was revived in Iranian architecture under [[Abbas the Great|Abbas I]] ({{Reign|1588|1629}}) during the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid period]]. Safavid architects appropriated the idea of a columned hall from Achaemenid examples and used it in the design of new royal palaces and pavilions, most notably the [[Ali Qapu]] and [[Chehel Sotoun]] palaces in [[Isfahan]] during the 17th century.<ref name="Babaie" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Alemi |first=Mahvash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdLbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 |title=Understanding Islamic Architecture |last2=Pirani |first2=Khalil K. |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-85131-5 |editor-last=Petruccioli |editor-first=Attilo |pages=76 |language=en |chapter=Persian Gardens and Courtyards: An Approach to the design of Contemporary Architecture |editor-last2=Pirani |editor-first2=Khalil K.}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> In these examples, the ''talar'' is open on three sides.<ref name="Grigor" /> [[File:Arg of Karim Khan (66).jpg|left|thumb|One of the ''talar''s in the [[Arg of Karim Khan|citadel of Karim Khan]] in [[Shiraz]]]] [[Karim Khan Zand]], the ruler of [[Shiraz]] in the mid-18th century, borrowed from Safavid models and employed this feature in new ways for the design of his own palaces in Shiraz. Here, the ''talar'' was combined with an [[iwan]] (vaulted hall open to one side) to form pillared halls opening onto a courtyard on one side.<ref name=":4" /> [[File:Golestan hall.jpg|thumb|Talaar-e Salam (Salute Hall), [[Golestan Palace]]]]Under the [[Qajar dynasty]], which eventually captured Shiraz and reunified Iran at the end of the 18th century, this feature was imported to the new royal palaces in Tehran.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Grigor" /> Under the Qajars, a ''talar'' could refer to a relatively simple hall open on one side with columns, such as the ''Talar e-Marmar'' (containing the ''[[Takht-e Marmar|Takht e-Marmar]]'', the Marble Throne<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grigor |first=Talinn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3M5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT239 |title=The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-271-08968-3 |pages=142β144 |language=en}}</ref>) built by [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar|Fath Ali Shah]] in the [[Golestan Palace]] in the 19th century.<ref name="Grigor" /> The ''talar'' continued to be a popular design feature of aristocratic houses and pavilions in Shiraz, such as those of the [[Qavam family]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Grigor |first=Talinn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3M5EAAAQBAJ |title=The Persian Revival: The Imperialism of the Copy in Iranian and Parsi Architecture |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-271-08968-3 |pages=171β176 |language=en}}</ref> It was even employed during the early 20th century, under the [[Pahlavi dynasty]], as part of the Persian [[Revivalism (architecture)|revivalist]] trends in architecture during this time.<ref name="Grigor" />
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