Editing Televisa (section)

==Company==
===History===
Since its beginning, the company has been owned by the [[Azcárraga family]]. The company has been led and owned by three generations of Azcárraga; each has marked an era for the company and, until October 2017,<ref name=":3" /> each had passed the ownership of the company to his son upon his death.

====Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta (1955–1972)====
Grupo Televisa was founded in 1955 as '''[[Telesistema Mexicano]]''', linking Mexico's first three television stations: [[XHTV-TV]] (founded in 1950), [[XEW-TV]] (1951) and [[XHGC-TV]] (1952). Along with Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta, the O'Farril family and Ernesto Barrientos Reyes, who had signed on Mexico's first radio station, [[XEW-AM]], in 1930, were co-owners of the firm. Its headquarters, known as Televicentro, were originally located on Avenida [[Chapultepec]] in downtown Mexico City. The building opened on 10 February 1952.
[[File:Telesistema Mexicano.png|alt=Telesistema Mexicano|thumb|left|Logo of Telesistema Mexicano, one of the two networks that fused to become Televisa in 1973]]

The channel was the first national network to be broadcast in color in 1963. Before the launch, Telesistema began airing in color in the late 1950s in select cities along the U.S.-Mexico border, given the fact that color signals were already present since the start of US color television in the decade starting from 1954.

In 1968, Telesistema's main competitor, [[Televisión Independiente de México]] (TIM), entered Mexico City with [[XEQ-TV|XHTM-TV]] Canal 8. At the time, both Telesistema and TIM (which was based in Monterrey) competed with another new station, [[XHDF-TV]] channel 13, which also started transmissions in 1968. Over the next four years, both networks competed in content and image until they merged, taking on the name "Televisa" in 1973. In the merger deal, the owners of Telesistema had 75 percent of the stocks, while the owners of Televisión Independiente had the rest, which were sold to Telesistema later because of financial problems.

On 7 September 1970, ''24 Horas'' debuted and became one of Mexico's most-watched news programs. The host, journalist [[Jacobo Zabludovsky]], anchored the newscast for almost three decades.

The 1973 merger brought in another new face who would later help revolutionize television and pop music: [[Raúl Velasco]] and his Sunday program ''Siempre en Domingo'', which was, from the start, being aired on Telesistema. Its successful run of 29 seasons (1969–98) not only featured the best pop artists from Spain and Latin America as well as from English-speaking countries, but also the most successful local singers, and its broadcast into many countries in both North and South America helped promote Latin pop to millions of television viewers.

====Emilio Azcárraga Milmo (1972–1997)====
On 17 August 1972, [[Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta]] died, and [[Emilio Azcárraga Milmo]] succeeded him as company president and owner. On 8 January 1973, both [[Telesistema Mexicano]] and [[Televisión Independiente de México]] merged, taking on the name '''Televisa''', an acronym for '''''Tele'''visión '''Vi'''a '''Sa'''télite'' in Spanish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisa.com/corporativo/historia|language=es|title=Historia|publisher=Televisa|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> In 1975, brothers [[Emilio Diez Barroso]] and Fernando Diez Barroso began working in the presidency offices of Televisa.

Televisa started to transmit several programs produced by the [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] in 1977. On 3 March 1983, Channel 8 was reformatted to become a cultural channel, offering informative programs, debates and cultural shows. In 1985, a frequency swap moved the station from channel 8 to 9, and Televisa also decided to swap its callsign for that of [[XEQ-TV]], which had been on channel 9 and broadcast from [[Altzomoni]]; the XHTM callsign was moved to that station, which was moved to channel 10. Canal 9 eventually became Galavisión, now known as [[Gala TV (Mexico)|Gala TV]].

On 19 September 1985, an [[1985 Mexico City earthquake|earthquake]] measuring 8.1 on the [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale]] caused widespread damage in Mexico City and destroyed the south tower of Televisa's main building. Nonetheless, Televisa's transmissions were not seriously affected. However, several dubbed TV shows were lost.

In 1991, Televisa, with help from Japanese public [[television network]] [[NHK]] (Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai), began its first broadcast in [[HDTV]], using the Japanese Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling Encoding MUSE system, the first in Latin America. Between 1993 and 1994 Televisa was about to buy Italian local TV station [[GBR TV|GBR]], based in Rome, planning to import in Italy the network's mixed sport-''telenovelas'' formula, but the transaction was ultimately aborted.

It was Azcárraga Milmo who presided over the launch of company owned [[Noticias ECO]] in 1988, which was the first Spanish language cable and satellite news network in Latin America.

In 1994, Televisa gained 62 new television concessions for relay stations of its networks, a decision that was criticized for its lack of transparency.<ref>[https://www.jornada.com.mx/1996/10/30/televisoras.html Mil 250 mdd, eje de la ''guerra de televisoras'']</ref>

====Emilio Azcárraga Jean (1997–2017)====
In April 1997, Milmo died and [[Emilio Azcárraga Jean]] succeeded him as the president of the company. Azcárraga Jean was 29 years old and he was one of the youngest executives in Mexico at that time. In December 1997, Televisa joined with other Mexican media companies to create a marathon known as ''[[Teletón (Mexico)|Teletón]]'', whose mission is to provide knowledge about physical disabilities, giving a strong message about respect, equality and support to people in these conditions. This movement from media, enterprises and Mexicans is reflected in the buildings created with the money from this Marathon, named Centros de Rehabilitación Infantil (CRIT). It is said that sponsors use it as a way to deduce taxes as the Teletón takes place at the end of the fiscal year and therefore allows companies to deduce their donations before declaring their incomes. Televisa introduced a new logo on 1 January 2001, putting eight lines instead of ten, and it closely resembles the previous logo. Changes include the sun now being a 3D ball, which in turn making the logo an eye, and the wordmark was brought back and in Helvetica Black.

[[File:ArteBarricas201201 26.JPG|thumb|right|Interview with [[Lolita Ayala]] at the charity auction "''Arte en Barricas''" sponsored by [[Tequila Herradura]] in Mexico City]]

Televisa is the largest mass media company in Latin America, and it is owned by the Azcárraga family.<ref name=":0">·        Mahan, E. (1985). Mexican Broadcasting: Reassessing the Industry-State Relationship. Journal of Communication, 35(1), 60-75.</ref> Televisa controls 66% of the 465 television concessions.<ref name=":0" /> Also Televisa owns television programing and broadcasting, programing pay television, publishing distribution, cable television, radio production and broadcasting, football teams (Club Necaxa and Club America), stadiums, Televisa editorial (that makes books, newspapers and magazines), paging services, professional sports and business promotion, film production and distribution, dubbing, operation of horizontal internet portal, DVD distribution, EMI Televisa music, Playcity casino, etc.<ref name=":0" />

There is complicity between Mexican media and government. Media and political power in México have a symbiotic relationship where the economic elites that control the media (Televisa and TV Azteca) are privileged in exchange for their support for the policies and actions of the government.<ref>·        Trejo, R. (2011, May). Bajo el imperio de la televisión. Panorama de la comunicación en México, pp. 75-86.</ref> In México the mass media owners are likely to have access to high levels of the Mexican government. On 3 May 2006, the community of San Salvador Atenco was violently repressed by the Mexican police who used excessive force and committed severe human rights violations. This event was one of the most violent repressions in the nation's history. This event is important because it shows how Televisa and TV Azteca were involved in inciting and supporting the repression of the people of Atenco by the government in México. The approval of the repression of Atenco by TV Azteca and Televisa can be seen as a clear example of the collaboration between mass media and government. Televisa and TV Azteca through their news programs support government policies without criticism and dismiss alternative voices to the dominant discourse. When this event occurred, mass media portrayed the farmers of Atenco as a radical social movement without reporting the reason behind the mobilization. In México the mass media are not there to provide objective information, México is under the shadow of authoritative journalism, in which they are only there to endorse an agenda that is aligned with the government.

In August 2014, Televisa announced it would acquire the remaining shares in Mexican cable firm Cablecom that it did not already own for a fee of around $653.96 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-grupo-televi/mexicos-televisa-says-buys-rest-of-cablecom-for-654-million-idUSKBN0GE29N20140814|title=Mexico's Televisa says buys rest of Cablecom for $654 million|last=Alire Garcia|first=David|date=14 August 2014|work=Reuters|access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref> In September 2014, it was announced that [[Grupo Salinas]] would acquire Grupo Televisa's 50 percent stake in Mexico's third largest wireless operator [[Iusacell]] for a fee of $717 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-iusacell/mexicos-grupo-salinas-buys-televisas-iusacell-stake-for-717-million-idUSKBN0H52EY20140910|title=Mexico's Salinas to buy Televisa Iusacell stake for $717 million|last1=Murray|first1=Christine|date=10 September 2014|work=Reuters|access-date=11 January 2018|last2=Sarmiento|first2=Tomás}}</ref> In January 2016, Televisa introduced a new branding, including a new logo design: an updated version of the company's logo from 1973, and a new slogan "Tu companía, tu más".

====Post-Azcárraga family leadership; sale of content assets to Univision and spin-off of gambling, publishing and sports assets (2017–present)====
Emilio Azcárraga Jean renounced the leadership of Televisa in October 2017, although he remains chairman of the company's board of directors. The newly appointed leader of the company will be the first not to be part of the Azcarraga family. The move was made to combat the massive decline in Televisa's viewership created by the rise in popularity of [[Netflix]] and other [[video streaming]] services, becoming more popular than [[cable television]], as well as the end of the duopoly of private channels caused by the arrival of new players in the 2010s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/festivals/televisa-ceo-emilio-azcarraga-jean-resign-1202600992/|title=Televisa CEO Emilio Azcarraga Jean to Resign|last=De la Fuente|first=Anna Marie|date=October 27, 2017|work=Variety|access-date=January 11, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/televisa-chief-emilio-azcarraga-as-ceo-1052178|title=Televisa Chief Emilio Azcarraga Out as CEO|last=Hecht|first=John|date=26 October 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=11 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>

On 13 April 2021, Televisa announced that it would sell its content assets to its longtime U.S. partner, Univision Communications which it would combine Televisa's four free-to-air television networks in Mexico, [[specialty channel]]s, its [[Videocine]] film studio, and the Televisa trademark; with Univision's broadcast networks and specialty channels, radio, and digital assets. The merger was targeted to be completed by the end of that year, subject to U.S. and Mexican regulatory reviews, and the new company would be known as '''[[TelevisaUnivision]]'''.<ref name="Televisa-Univision">{{cite news|last=Porter|first=Rick|title=Televisa, Univision to Merge, Forming Spanish-Language Media Powerhouse|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=HollywoodReporter.com|date=13 April 2021|access-date=15 April 2021|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/televisa-univision-to-merge-forming-spanish-language-media-powerhouse}}</ref> Televisa would own 45% of the combined company and would retain its shares in [[Club America]] football team, telecommunication company [[Izzi Telecom]], satellite TV provider [[Sky Mexico]], and publishing businesses, as well as the [[broadcast license]]s for free-to-air TV stations within Mexico and other infrastructure for the company's four TV networks; the national and local TV news operations were spun off into '''Tritón Comunicaciones'''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luisa Aguilar |first1=María |last2=Villegas |first2=Claudia |title=Para competir y sobrevivir, Televisa se parte en tres |url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/reportajes/2022/2/7/para-competir-sobrevivir-televisa-se-parte-en-tres-280452.html |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]] |date=February 7, 2022 |language=es-MX}}</ref>

The sale was approved by Mexico's [[Federal Telecommunications Institute]] (IFT) on 15 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Se concreta el acuerdo Televisa-Univision|work=[[Forbes#Other publications|Forbes Mexico]]|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/se-concreta-acuerdo-televisa-univision/|date=14 September 2021|language=es-MX}}</ref> The merger was approved by American [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) on 24 January 2022, while the sale was completed on 31 January of that same year.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://corporate.televisaunivision.com/press/press-releases/2022/01/31/univision-and-televisa-complete-transaction-to-create-televisaunivision-the-worlds-leading-spanish-language/|title=Univsion and Televisa complete transaction to create "TelevisaUnivision", the World's leading Spanish-Language Media and Content Company|date=31 January 2022|publisher=[[TelevisaUnivision]]}}</ref>

In 2023, Televisa announced plans to spin off its gambling and sports operations as a separate company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://focusgn.com/grupo-televisa-to-spin-off-gambling-and-football-business-entity|title=Grupo Televisa to spin off gambling and football business entity|date=5 March 2023|access-date=22 February 2024|work=Focus Gaming News}}</ref> The company was named [[Ollamani]] and the spin-off was completed on 20 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvynovelas.com/famosos/editorial-televisa-se-fortalece-con-la-creacion-de-ollamani|title=Editorial Televisa se fortalece con la creación de Ollamani|date=20 February 2024|access-date=22 February 2024|work=TVyNovelas|first=Otto|last=Rojas}}</ref>

In 2024, Televisa acquired AT&T's controlling stake in Sky México, pending regulatory approval.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/mexican-broadcaster-televisa-buys-out-att-control-sky-satellite-tv-unit-2024-04-03/|title= Mexican broadcaster Televisa buys out AT&T's stake in Sky Mexico|date=4 April 2024|access-date=4 April 2024|work=Reuters}}</ref> That same year, the company announced that Azcárraga would be taking an "administrative leave" pending the results of a [[United States Department of Justice]] investigation regarding the broadcasting rights to [[FIFA]] tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/mexicos-televisa-swings-profit-third-quarter-2024-10-24/|title=Televisa chairman taking leave amid FIFA bribery probe|first=Cassandra|last=Garrison|first2=Kylie|last2=Madry|work=Reuters|date=October 24, 2024}}</ref>