Editing Tengu (section)

==Image==
[[File:Yoshitoshi Kobayakawa Takakage.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Kobayakawa Takakage]] debating with the tengu of [[Mount Hiko]], by [[Tsukioka Yoshitoshi|Yoshitoshi]]. The tengu's nose protrudes just enough to differentiate him from an ordinary ''yamabushi''.]]

The ''tengu'' in art appears in a variety of shapes.  It usually falls somewhere in between a large, monstrous bird and a wholly [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphized]] being, often with a red face or an unusually large or long nose. Early depictions of tengu show them as [[kite (bird)|kite]]-like beings who can take a human-like form, often retaining avian wings, heads, or beaks. The ''tengu's'' long nose seems to have been conceived in the 14th century, likely as a humanization of the original bird's bill.<ref>de Visser, pp. 61. The kite referred to here is ''tobi'' or ''tonbi'' ({{lang|ja|鳶}}), the Japanese [[black kite]] (''Milvus migrans lineatus'').</ref> This feature allies them with the [[Sarutahiko Ōkami]], who is described in the 720 CE text the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' with a similar nose measuring seven hand-spans in length.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=137|title=Encyclopedia of Shinto:Sarutahiko}}</ref> In village [[Japanese festivals|festivals]], the two figures are often portrayed with identical red phallic-nosed mask designs.<ref>Moriarty p. 109.</ref>

Some of the earliest representations of ''tengu'' appear in Japanese picture scrolls, such as the {{nihongo|Tenguzōshi Emaki|天狗草子絵巻}}, painted {{Circa|1296}}, which parodies high-ranking priests by endowing them with the hawk-like beaks of ''tengu'' demons.<ref>Fister p. 105. See images from this scroll [http://www.nezu-muse.or.jp/syuuzou/kaiga/10363.1.html here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123023921/http://www.nezu-muse.or.jp/syuuzou/kaiga/10363.1.html |date=2007-01-23 }} and [http://www.nezu-muse.or.jp/syuuzou/kaiga/10363.2.html here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123023931/http://www.nezu-muse.or.jp/syuuzou/kaiga/10363.2.html |date=2007-01-23 }}.</ref>

Tengu are often pictured as taking the shape of some sort of priest. Beginning in the 13th century, tengu came to be associated in particular with [[yamabushi]], the mountain ascetics who practice [[Shugendō]].<ref name="de Visser, pp. 55-57">de Visser, pp. 55–57.</ref> The association soon found its way into Japanese art, where tengu are most frequently depicted in the yamabushi's unique costume, which includes a distinctive headwear called the [[Tokin (headwear)|'' tokin'']] and a {{nihongo|pompom sash|結袈裟|''yuigesa''}}.<ref>Fister, p. 103. For images of the ''yamabushi''{{'}}s costume look [http://www.d6.dion.ne.jp/~zenkou/yamabusi/yamabusi.htm here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328191103/http://www.d6.dion.ne.jp/~zenkou/yamabusi/yamabusi.htm |date=2007-03-28 }}.</ref> Due to their priestly aesthetic, they are often shown wielding the [[khakkhara]], a distinct staff used by [[bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]], called a ''shakujō'' in Japanese.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Tengu are commonly depicted holding a magical {{nihongo|feather fan|羽団扇|hauchiwa}}. According to legend, tengu taught [[Minamoto no Yoshitsune]] to fight with the "[[Japanese war fan|war-fan]]" and "the sword".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blair |first=Gavin |title=An Illustrated Guide to Samurai History and Culture: From the Age of Musashi to Contemporary Pop Culture |publisher=[[Tuttle Publishing]] |others=Foreword by Alexander Bennett |year=2022 |isbn=978-4-8053-1659-7 |pages=22 |oclc=1292361882}}</ref> In folk tales, these fans sometimes can grow or shrink a person's nose, but usually, they have attributed the power to stir up great winds. Various other strange accessories may be associated with ''tengu'', such as a type of tall, one-toothed ''[[Geta (footwear)|geta]]'' sandal often called ''tengu-geta''.<ref>Mizuki 2001, p. 122.</ref>
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[[File:Menkake Gyoretsu - Sarutahiko.jpg|thumb|A man wearing a Tengu mask representing the deity Sarutahiko at the Menkake Gyōretsu festival in Kamakura.]]