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Threefold repetition
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==Statement of the rule== The relevant rules in the [[Fédération Internationale des Échecs|FIDE]] laws of chess are summarized as:{{refn|Section 9.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess">{{Cite web|title=FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023|url=https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012023|access-date=16 July 2023|website=FIDE}}</ref>}} :The game is a draw if a position occurs (at least) three times during the game. (Intervening moves do not matter.) It must be claimed by the player with the turn to move. The claim is made: ::(a) If the position is about to appear for the third time, the player making the claim first writes their move on their {{chessgloss|scoresheet}} and notifies the {{chessgloss|arbiter}} that they intend to make this move. ::or ::(b) If the position has just appeared for the third time, the player with the move can claim the draw. : Positions are considered the same if : (1) the same player has the move, : (2) pieces of the same kind and color occupy the same squares, and : (3) the possible moves of all the pieces are the same. : Under (3) above, positions are not considered to be the same if: ::(a) in the first position, a pawn could have been captured ''[[en passant]]'' (by the ''en passant'' rule, in the subsequent positions, the pawn cannot be captured ''en passant'' anymore), or ::(b) either player has lost a right to [[castling|castle]], i.e. either king or one of the rooks has been moved, in between repetitions of the position. Although a threefold repetition usually occurs after consecutive moves, there is no requirement that the moves be consecutive for a claim to be valid. The rule applies to positions, not moves. [[Perpetual check]] is no longer specifically mentioned in the [[rules of chess]]; such a situation will eventually resolve to a draw either by repetition, [[fifty-move rule]] or (most commonly) by [[draw by agreement|agreement]]. If the claim for a draw is incorrect, the opponent is awarded an extra two minutes, the written move (if legal) move must be played and the game continues.{{refn|Rule 9.5.3 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess"/>}} Unreasonable claims may be penalized under rule 11.5, which forbids distracting or annoying the opponent.{{refn|Rule 11.5 and 12.6 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess"/>}} Even if the claim is incorrect, any draw claim is also a draw offer that the opponent may accept.{{refn|Rule 9.1.2.3 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess"/>}} ===Fivefold repetition=== In 2014 FIDE introduced a rule providing for a mandatory draw in the event of a fivefold repetition. If the same position occurs five times, then the game is immediately terminated as a draw. If an arbiter detects a fivefold repetition, they are required to intervene and declare the game a draw. If an arbiter does not detect a fivefold repetition or fails to intervene, a player may still make a claim for fivefold repetition. If the claim is verified, the game is declared a draw regardless of any subsequent moves or result, which are void.{{refn|Rule 9.6.1 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess2">{{Cite web|title=FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023|url=https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012023|access-date=16 July 2023|website=FIDE}}</ref>}}
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