Editing Tides Foundation (section)

==History==
Tides was founded in 1976 by [[Drummond Pike]], who worked with Jane Bagley Lehman, heir to the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company]] fortune.<ref name="Callahan_2017">{{Cite book| publisher = Alfred A. Knopf| isbn = 978-1-101-97104-8| last = Callahan| first = David| title = The Givers: Wealth, Power, and Philanthropy in a New Gilded Age| date = 2017 |orig-year=2010|pages=343 }}</ref>{{rp|265}}<ref name="Callahan_2010">{{Cite book| edition = 1st| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 978-0-470-17711-2| last = Callahan| first = David| title = Fortunes of Change: The Rise of the Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America| location = Hoboken, N.J| date = August 8, 2010}}</ref> In the chapter entitled "The Givers" in his 2017 publication by the same name, ''The Givers: Wealth, Power, and Philanthropy in a New Gilded Age'', which is a more recent edition of his 2010 book, ''Fortunes of Change: The Rise of the Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America'', [[David Callahan]] wrote that Pike was an "entrepreneurial activist" and that Pike and his "wealthy friends" teamed up" to create Tides which "used donor-advised funds to direct resources to progressive causes."<ref name="Callahan_2017"/>{{rp|202}} Callahan, who is the co-founder of the think tank [[Demos (U.S. think tank)|Demos]], contrasted this with a similar approach taken by [[Donors Trust]], an American [[non-profit]] [[donor-advised fund]] that was founded in 1999 to safeguard the "intent of libertarian and conservative donors".<ref name="Callahan_20160303">{{cite magazine|last1=Callahan|first1=David|title=Inside DonorsTrust: What This Mission-Driven DAF Offers Philanthropists on the Right|url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2016/3/3/inside-donorstrust-what-this-mission-driven-daf-offers-phila.html|access-date=May 31, 2016|magazine=Inside Philanthropy|date=March 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Callahan_2017"/>{{rp|204,205}}

Lehman served as the chair of the organization from its founding to her death in 1988.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/21/obituaries/jane-lehman-55-active-in-philanthropy.html|title=Jane Lehman, 55; Active in Philanthropy|date=April 21, 1988|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 18, 2017}}</ref> Tides was conceived as a nationally oriented community foundation, and founded out of Pike's frustration with established philanthropy's perceived neglect of progressive issues.{{sfn|McCarthy|Faber|2005|p=133}} He envisioned using [[fiscal sponsorship]] for progressive political activism.{{sfn|Manheim|2004|p=69}} Fiscal sponsorship uses a [[Tax exemption|tax-exempt]] charity to provide financial support to a non-exempt project or organization, therefore lending it tax exemption as long as the charity retains control of the way its funds are spent.{{sfn|Manheim|2004|p=67}} He served as its CEO until he was replaced by Melissa L. Bradley in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tides.org/news-and-resources/single-news-item/article/tides-taps-social-entrepreneur-and-progressive-thought-leader-as-new-ceo-1/?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=114&cHash=836d0f3c37c163ff54ad84d27538c361|title=Tides Taps Social Entrepreneur and Progressive Thought Leader as New CEO|date=September 15, 2010|website=Tides|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925072053/https://www.tides.org/news-resources/news-room/single-news-item/article/tides-taps-social-entrepreneur-and-progressive-thought-leader-as-new-ceo/index.html|archive-date=September 25, 2010}}</ref>

Pike founded a Canadian version of the organization, Tides Canada, in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canada Revenue Agency website, Tides Canada Foundation |date = 27 November 2019|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency.html?utm_campaign=not-applicable&utm_medium=redirect&utm_source=cra-arc.gc.ca_redirect |publisher=Canada Revenue Agency}}</ref> Tides Canada, which is based in [[Vancouver]], makes grants through its foundation and has a charity that supports environmental and social justice projects.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/tides-canada-aims-for-unprecedented-transparency-as-tories-threaten-stricter-charity-rules-enforcement/wcm/d561296f-955e-4529-b12d-530833134720|title=Tides, critics clash over charity's claims of transparency|last=Carlson|first=Kathryn Blaze|date=June 27, 2012|work=[[National Post]]|access-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref> It consists of the Tides Canada Foundation and the Tides Canada Initiatives Society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.citycaucus.com/2010/09/vision-donor-drummond-pike-steps-down-as-tides-boss|title=Vision donor Drummond Pike steps down as Tides boss|last=Klassen|first=Mike|date=September 25, 2010|website=[[CityCaucus.com]]|access-date=July 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tidescanada.org/charitable-registration/|title=Charitable Registrations - Tides Canada|work=Tides Canada|access-date=2018-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2020, Tides Canada is now known as MakeWay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tides Canada is now MakeWay!|url=https://makeway.org/in-the-news/tides-canada-is-now-makeway/ |website=Makeway.org |date=10 June 2020 |access-date=6 April 2025}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=April 2025}}

By 2009, Tides allocated $75 million per year in donor money, most of which went to fund progressive political causes.<ref name="Callahan_2017"/>{{rp|202}} In 2011, Tides received about $90 million in funding, and awarded about $96 million to various individuals and organizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tides.org/impact/grantees/|title=Tides > Grantees|work=Tides }}</ref>