Editing Time loop (section)

==History==
An early example of a time loop is the 1915 Russian novel ''[[Strange Life of Ivan Osokin]]'', where the main character gets to live his life over again but struggles to change it the second time around.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |title=Books: Life as a Trap |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C887728%2C00.html |work=Time Magazine |date=17 November 1947 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203115610/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,887728,00.html |archive-date=3 February 2011}}</ref> The episode "The Man Who Murdered Time" in the radio drama [[The Shadow]] was broadcast on 1 January 1939, about a dying scientist who invents a time machine stuck on 31 December.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_-EtQwxAP4C&dq=January+1,+1939+%22The+Man+Who+Murdered+Time%22&pg=PA215|title=Horror Stars on Radio: The Broadcast Histories of 29 Chilling Hollywood Voices|first=Ronald L.|last=Smith|date=8 March 2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5729-8 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.otrr.org/FILES/Magz_pdf/Illustrated%20Press/IP_406.pdf|title=The Old Time Radio Club - The Illustrated Press (page 11)}}</ref> The [[short story]] "Doubled and Redoubled" by [[Malcolm Jameson]] that appeared in the February 1941 ''[[Unknown (magazine)|Unknown]]'' tells of a person accidentally cursed to repeat a "perfect" day, including a lucky bet, a promotion, a heroically foiled [[bank robbery]], and a successful wedding proposal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unknown v04n05 (1941 02) p.87|url=https://archive.org/details/Unknown_v04n05_1941-02_Anon_Malefactor |website=Internet Archive |date=February 1941 |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>

More recent examples include the 1973 short story "[[12:01 PM]]" and its [[12:01 PM (1990 film)|1990]] and [[12:01 (1993 film)|1993 film adaptations]], the Soviet film ''[[Mirror for a Hero]]'' (1988),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keller|first1=Bill|title=A Movie Tribute for Stalin Generation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/23/world/a-movie-tribute-for-stalin-generation.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=1 May 2015|date=23 April 1988}}</ref> the ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' episode "[[Cause And Effect (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|Cause And Effect]]" (1992),<ref>Paula M. Block, Terry J. Erdmann, ''Star Trek: The Next Generation 365'' (2012), §248.</ref> the [[United States|American]] films ''[[Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day]]'' (1993), ''[[Naked (2017 film)|Naked]]'' (2017), ''[[Happy Death Day]]'' (2017), ''[[Happy Death Day 2U]]'' (2019), and ''[[Palm Springs (2020 film)|Palm Springs]]'' (2020),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stockwell |first1=Peter |date=2000 |title=The Poetics of Science Fiction |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow, England |edition=1st |isbn=9780582369931 |pages=131–133}}</ref> the [[United Kingdom|British]], [[Found footage (film technique)|found footage]], [[Psychological horror|psychological]], [[analog horror]] [[web series]] ''[[No Through Road (web series)|No Through Road]]'' (2009–2012),<ref>{{cite web|last=Peters|first=Lucia|title=The Weird Part Of YouTube: The Making Of "''No Through Road''" And The Power Of Unanswered Questions|url=https://theghostinmymachine.com/2020/11/16/the-weird-part-of-youtube-the-making-of-no-through-road-and-the-power-of-unanswered-questions-found-footage-stevenage-broomhill-farm-time-loop|website=The Ghost in My Machine|access-date=16 November 2020|date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116175053/https://theghostinmymachine.com/2020/11/16/the-weird-part-of-youtube-the-making-of-no-through-road-and-the-power-of-unanswered-questions-found-footage-stevenage-broomhill-farm-time-loop/|archive-date=16 November 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kok|first=Nestor|title=Ghosts in the Machine: Trick-Editing, Time Loops, and Terror in "''No Through Road''"|url=https://fnewsmagazine.com/2022/03/ghosts-in-the-machine-trick-editing-time-loops-and-terror-in-no-through-road|website=[[School of the Art Institute of Chicago#F Newsmagazine|F Newsmagazine]]|access-date=18 March 2022|date=18 March 2022}}</ref> and the [[India|Indian]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language, [[Science fiction film|science fiction]], [[Political cinema|political]] [[action thriller film]] ''[[Maanaadu]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=25 November 2021 |title='Maanaadu' movie review: Simbu and SJ Suryah have a go at each other in this smartly-written film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/maanaadu-movie-review/article37679444.ece |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suryawanshi |first=Sudhir |date=27 November 2021 |title=Maanaadu movie review: Riveting take on time loop underlined by clever writing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/Nov/27/maanaadu-movie-review-riveting-take-ontime-loop-underlined-by-clever-writing-2388571.html |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Time loops have been used as a recurring theme in ''[[Doctor Who]]'', with the episode "[[Heaven Sent (Doctor Who)|Heaven Sent]]" being described as "Doctor Who's definitive loop-based story".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whatculture.com/tv/10-craziest-doctor-who-time-loops|title=10 Craziest Doctor Who Time Loops|first=Danny|last=Meegan|date=21 January 2022|website=WhatCulture.com}}</ref>

===Japanese popular culture===
The time loop is a popular trope in [[Japanese pop culture]] media, especially [[anime]].<ref name="ANN">{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Jones |date=26 August 2018 |title=''Revue Starlight'' ‒ Episode 7 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/revue-starlight/episode-7/.135942 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> Its use in [[Japanese fiction]] dates back to [[Yasutaka Tsutsui]]'s [[science fiction]] novel ''[[The Girl Who Leapt Through Time]]'' (1965), one of the earliest works to feature a time loop, about a high school girl who repeatedly relives the same day. It was later adapted into a 1972 live-action [[Japanese television]] series, a hit [[Toki o Kakeru Shōjo (1983 film)|1983 live-action film]], a [[The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (2006 film)|2006 anime film]], and a [[Time Traveller: The Girl Who Leapt Through Time|2010 live-action film]].<ref>{{cite web |title=THE GIRL WHO LEAPT THROUGH TIME (2006) |url=http://deptfordcinema.org/new-events/2017/8/9/the-girl-who-leapt-through-time-2006 |website=[[Deptford Cinema]] |date=9 August 2017 |access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE GIRL WHO LEAPT THROUGH TIME (2006) at Deptford Cinema |url=https://www.ticketsource.co.uk/whats-on/london/deptford-cinema/the-girl-who-leapt-through-time-2006/e-opyqmx |website=[[TicketSource]] |access-date=27 January 2020 |date=9 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="fareastfilm">{{cite web |last1=Walkov |first1=Marc |title=The Girl Who Leapt through Time |url=https://www.fareastfilm.com/eng/archive/2016/the-girl-who-leapt-through-time/?IDLYT=15535 |website=[[Far East Film Festival]] |access-date=30 April 2020 |year=2016}}</ref> The 1983 live-action film adaptation of ''The Girl Who Leapt Through Time'' was a major box office success in Japan,<ref name="fareastfilm"/> where it was the second [[List of highest-grossing non-anime Japanese films|highest-grossing Japanese film]] of 1983.<ref name="Eiren1983">{{cite web |title=過去興行収入上位作品 一般社団法人日本映画製作者連盟 |url=http://www.eiren.org/toukei/1983.html |website=Eiren |publisher=Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan |year=1983 |access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> Its success was soon followed by numerous anime and manga using the time loop concept, starting with [[Mamoru Oshii]]'s anime film ''[[Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer]]'' (1984), and then the manga and anime series ''[[Kimagure Orange Road]]'' (1984–1988).<ref name="mangauk">{{cite news |last=Osmond |author-link=Andrew Osmond (journalist) |first=Andrew |date=29 November 2017 |orig-year=30 September 2012 |title=Edge of Tomorrow, and Kill Is All You Need |url=http://mangauk.com/kill-is-all-you-need/ |publisher=[[Manga UK]] |access-date=18 September 2019 |archive-date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001025922/http://www.mangauk.com/kill-is-all-you-need/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The time loop has since become a familiar anime trope.<ref name="ANN"/> Other popular Japanese works that use the time loop concept include [[Hiroyuki Kanno (game designer)|Hiroyuki Kanno]]'s science fiction [[visual novel]] ''[[YU-NO: A Girl Who Chants Love at the Bound of this World]]'' (1996),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kalata |first1=Kurt |chapter=1996 {{ndash}} YU-NO: Kono Yo no Hate de Koi o Utau Shōjo |title=Hardcore Gaming 101 Presents: Japanese Video Game Obscurities |date=2019 |publisher=[[Unbound (publisher)|Unbound Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-78352-765-6 |pages=108–109 (108) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=si6bDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108}}</ref> the [[visual novel]] and anime franchise ''[[Higurashi When They Cry]]'' (2002), the [[light novel]] and anime franchise ''[[Haruhi Suzumiya]]'' (2003), Mamoru Oshii's [[Japanese cyberpunk]] anime film ''[[Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence]]'' (2004), [[Hiroshi Sakurazaka]]'s [[sci-fi]] light novel ''[[All You Need is Kill]]'' (2004) which was adapted into the [[Tom Cruise]] starring Hollywood film ''[[Edge of Tomorrow]]'' (2014),<ref name="mangauk"/> and the sci-fi visual novel and anime franchise ''[[Steins;Gate]]'' (2009).<ref name="kotaku best">{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/steins-gate-might-be-the-best-anime-i-have-ever-seen-476397964/ |title=Steins;Gate Might Be the Best Anime I Have Ever Seen |author=Eisenbeis, Richard |date=19 April 2013 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[Gawker Media]] |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824093740/http://kotaku.com/steins-gate-might-be-the-best-anime-i-have-ever-seen-476397964 |archive-date=24 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>